This report presents Advanced Placement (AP) examination participation and performance results in Texas and the United States for the 2019-20 school year. The results are for public and nonpublic schools combined and are presented by race/ethnicity and gender. [For the 2018-2019 report, see ED604831.]

Economic downturns can cause major funding shortfalls for U.S. public schools, often forcing districts to make difficult budget cuts including teacher layoffs. In this brief, we synthesize the empirical literature on the widespread teacher layoffs caused by the Great Recession. Studies find that teacher layoffs harmed student achievement and were…

This research explored the effects of internal organizational communication on institutional actions with student retention from top leaders in colleges and universities. This study looked at the perceptions of Christian university deans, chairpersons, and faculty on the United States' west coast regarding the communication practices of their…

The purpose of this qualitative, descriptive study was to explore how low socioeconomic status (SES), minority, adult high school graduates describe the influence of their parents, program activities, and possible employment opportunities in pursuing Career and Technical Education/Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (CTE) courses in a…

Past research extensively documents inequalities in educational opportunity and achievement by students' race/ethnicity or socioeconomic status (SES). Less scholarship focuses on how race/ethnicity and SES interact and jointly contribute to educational inequalities. We advance this burgeoning line of scholarship by charting math achievement…

The purpose of this convergent mixed methods research study was to determine if teacher instructional practices implemented after receiving job-embedded professional development through instructional coaching impact student reading achievement scores in an urban elementary school setting in which the school district faces the impact of poverty. In…

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine three interpretations of post-diagnostic support (PDS) for dementia, to understand how best to support people recently diagnosed with dementia. Design/methodology/approach: A sequential mixed-method approach was used which included analysis of the data collected by each sector, a focus group and…

A teacher should be just and compassionate to be a good teacher. If there is weakness in these two, what a pity for those children who are trained by that teacher! Because one of the biggest diseases of this time is that mercilessness and unjustness are the raising trends. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mercy levels of the classroom…

Many poverty measures are estimated by using sample data collected from social surveys. Two examples are the poverty gap and the poverty severity indices. A novel method for the estimation of these poverty indicators is described. Social surveys usually contain different variables, some of which can be used to improve the estimation of poverty…

Directional associations between civic engagement and happiness were explored with longitudinal data from a community sample surveyed four times from age 22 to 43 (n = 690). Autoregressive cross-lagged models, controlling for cross-time stabilities in happiness and civic engagement, examined whether happiness predicted future civic engagement,…

An individual's socioeconomic status (SES) is often viewed as a proxy for a host of environmental influences. SES disparities have been linked to variance in brain structures particularly the hippocampus, a neural substrate of learning and memory. However, it is unclear whether the association between SES and hippocampal volume is similar in…

Australia and its Indigenous peoples have experienced what one commentator has called "a juxtaposition of first and third worlds", manifest, among other aspects, in lower levels of education achievement compared with other Australians. Specifically, profound levels of educational inequality have been observed for Aboriginal Australians…

After the U.S. Supreme Court restricted the use of race in assigning students to schools, there was a surge in advocacy of school integration based on student socioeconomic status (SES). Benefits of socioeconomic integration have been supported by various studies finding significant effects of school SES on achievement after controlling for…

In most modern countries, much learning in childhood and adolescence takes place outside of regular school hours. That holds for community-based programs -- like afterschool programs -- as well as for private offerings -- like private tutoring. In the international research literature, this field of learning opportunity is called extended…

Little is known about the knowledge and perceptions that inform children's safety in the aquatic environment. This paper reports on 8-9 year old children's critical thinking of water safety and safety strategies at the beach. One-to-one interview data with Year 4 students from across New Zealand, collected as part of the National Monitoring Study…