The label "underclass" obscures structural economic change and distorts the realities of poverty. It pays insufficient attention to factors for understanding marginal people--labor market shifts, the poor's lack of safety nets, and interactions between these factors and social problems. Specific policies must confront the divergent…

Concludes that fourth-grade children were able to apply more phonics terms than they could define and that high ability readers could define more terms than could low level readers. (FL)

Continues an earlier paper which dealt with the basic concepts concerning the learning process that should be used as a starting point for the instructional design process. Instructional decisions that should be taken at the macro design level are discussed. Twenty-five references are listed. (LLS)

Presents an operational definition of intimacy and reviews evidence that a lack of intimacy is associated with nonpsychotic emotional illness, marital maladjustment, and family dysfunction. Describes and illustrates a technique, cognitive self-disclosure, which facilitates marital intimacy. Discusses the role of self-disclosure, modeling, and…

Reviews the historical background of multicultural education, reexamines the concept of cultural pluralism as it is usually applied to multicultural education, and presents a conceptual framework consisting of (1) a delineation of the underlying premises, (2) a definition of multicultural education, and (3) a discussion of guidelines for…

The author defines criterion-referenced (CRT) and norm-referenced (NRT) tests, considers current objections to each, and distinguishes their appropriate uses: CRTs for pupil diagnosis and instruction and NRTs for surveying achievement in a long-term evaluation context. Part of a theme issue on student assessment. (SJL)

The need for library services standards to reflect the growth in cooperation and interdependence among libraries and for accountability and their intended purpose, impact on directional changes, and on services improvement are discussed as well as the implications of their being based on scientific inquiry. Listed are 24 sources. (RBF)

A brief history of linguistic considerations suggests that language is not merely "how teacher educational certification policy is expressed" but actually is "teacher education and certification." Teacher certification linked to institutional accreditation, it is suggested, fails to distinguish training from competence. (MLW)

The concern for general education as one of several possible responses to the current ills of higher education is discussed. The Federated Learning Communities of Stony Brook, wherein the environment and the content of general education are dovetailed and mutually supportive, is described. (Author/MLW)

Five handicapping conditions--emotional disturbance, visual impairment, mental retardation, hearing impairment, and physical disability--are discussed in terms of definition, range of impairment, and daily school management. The summaries are designed to be of practical help to the regular class teachers involved with mainstreamed students. (CL)

Examining problems that confront developmentally disabled persons in rural areas, this article includes the current definition of developmental disabilities, discusses preventive measures, points out some considerations to be made in the establishment of appropriate professional diagnostic and treatment services, and examines public and private…

Gives a working definition of culture and describes a training program for Canadian Indians designed to reinforce and clarify their cultural identity while developing marketable skills. The main features of the program are consultation with community leaders and participation of trainees in goal-setting and training design. (SK)

Defines emotional abuse of children and offers a plan to deal with the problem. (JOW)

How "experience" is defined and how it has been interpreted in the past shape world views and the learning derived from cross-cultural encounters. The experience also differs according to whether it has happened to a group or to an individual learner. (Author/MSE)

Notes similarities and differences of pretherapy expectations for psychotherapists, length of time in therapy, and definitions of mental illness among 44 Mexican American and 48 Anglo American low income out-patients at an East Los Angeles mental health clinic. (SB)