When people interact to establish shared symbols for novel objects or concepts, they often rely on multiple communicative modalities as well as on alignment (i.e., cross-participant repetition of communicative behavior). Yet these interactional resources have rarely been studied together, so little is known about if and how people combine multiple…

This article introduces Xiao-Shih, the first intelligent question answering bot on Chinese-based massive open online courses (MOOCs). Question answering is critical for solving individual problems. However, instructors on MOOCs must respond to many questions, and learners must wait a long time for answers. To address this issue, Xiao-Shih…

Purpose: This study examines family and peer academic social supports as correlates of academic motivation and first-semester GPA. Design/methodology/approach: Using a correlational design, 468 first-semester college students completed an online survey. Demographic characteristics, high school GPA and first-semester GPA were gathered from…

Self-directed learning is a process by which students take the lead, with or without the help of others, in determining their learning needs and managing their learning strategies and outcomes. Relatedly, self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) looks at the attitudes, abilities, and personality characteristics necessary for self-directed learning.…

Although generalized anxiety has increased among college students, it is unclear what effect this has on language anxiety. While language anxiety has been shown to negatively affect second language achievement, its impact at the level of specific linguistic subdomains has not been evaluated. In what follows, we explore what relationship, if any,…

This study investigates current approaches to learning analytics (LA) dashboarding while highlighting challenges faced by education providers in their operationalization. We analyze recent dashboards for their ability to provide actionable insights which promote informed responses by learners in making adjustments to their learning habits. Our…

The tremendous growth of educational institutions' electronic data provides the opportunity to extract information that can be used to predict students' overall success, predict students' dropout rate, evaluate the performance of teachers and instructors, improve the learning material according to students' needs, and much more. This paper aims to…

At the molecular level, chemical processes involve the rearrangement of atoms in space and time. Students often struggle with visualizing the 3D spatial characteristics of molecules and transition states, as well as recognizing the dynamic nature of chemistry. Both visual spatial skills and representational competence should be explicitly trained…

This quantitative study sought to determine the efficacy and mindset perceptions of current school leaders and teachers within public high schools. This study highlighted a discrepancy in efficacy and mindset among educators for each other. Firstly, school leaders feel they make a difference, but teachers do not hold the same level of belief in…

Purpose: The goal of this study was to experimentally evaluate how compensating for the adverse acoustic effects of a posterior glottal opening (PGO) by increasing subglottal pressure and changing supraglottal compression, as have been associated with vocal hyperfunction, influences the risk of vocal fold (VF) trauma. Method: A self-oscillating…

Purpose: The goal is to assess performance prediction systems (PPS) that are used to assist at-risk learners. Design/methodology/approach: The authors propose time-dependent metrics including earliness and stability. The authors investigate the relationships between the various temporal metrics and the precision metrics in order to identify the…

This study aims at identifying the effect of pre-service teachers' 21st century learner skills and metacognitive awareness on their early teacher identity. Employing a correlational design, the study collected data from 523 pre-service teachers studying at AfyonKocatepe University, Turkey, in the 2020-2021 academic year. The instruments used in…

This study fit a Naïve Bayesian classifier to the words of exam items to predict the Bloom's taxonomy level of the items. We addressed five research questions, showing that reasonably good prediction of Bloom's level was possible, but accuracy varies across levels. In our study, performance for Level 2 was poor (Level 2 items were misclassified…

Massively open online courses (MOOCs) offer learners opportunities for self-improvement and knowledge development. Linking cognitive processes and learning outcomes is helpful in supporting students learning with the help of MOOCs. Based on the cognitive presence of the Community of Inquiry framework, this study quantified the effect of cognitive…

To date, many AI initiatives (eg, AI4K12, CS for All) developed standards and frameworks as guidance for educators to create accessible and engaging Artificial Intelligence (AI) learning experiences for K-12 students. These efforts revealed a significant need to prepare youth to gain a fundamental understanding of how intelligence is created,…