This report addresses two central questions raised by the rapidly changing economic role of American women during the 20th century. First, why have the reported wages of women remained constant at approximately 59 percent of men's wages, in spite of the enormous increase in the numbers of women who work and who presumably have been acquiring…

This information analysis identifies emerging counseling priorities for the 1990s and suggests ways that counselors might prepare themselves for the future. The nine priorities discussed in the paper include: (1) learning to learn; (2) life transitions; (3) technology, computers, and counselors; (4) demographic trends and their impact on…

In order to measure the preservice and inservice preparation of vocational education teachers, a mail survey was conducted of beginning vocational teachers' perceptions of their competencies and preparation for teaching--especially their preparation for teaching basic skills and special student populations. The survey population included 740…

The process of selecting a chief state school officer (CSSO) can be a significant means of allocating policymaking power in state educational governance. This paper examines the role of the chief state school officer and explains how that role is influenced by the selection process. Four selection models are described, along with the advantages…

A study examined earning patterns among secretaries. A mail questionnaire that contained 76 separate questions soliciting responses on 154 variables was administered to a sample of nearly 1,000 members of Professional Secretaries International throughout the United States and Canada. It was determined that length of time with an employer has more…

This study was conducted to secure adequate data to support the need for the issuance of competency certificates to graduates of Oklahoma vocational and technical education programs. A questionnaire was developed to determine the perceptions of teachers and employers regarding the competency statements and to see if using such certificates would…

Acknowledging changes in educational theory, research, and practice that inevitably determine the emphases in preservice teacher education programs, these updated guidelines give teacher preparation policymakers, state and local education leaders, and the public an overview of the knowledge, skills, and attitudes a teacher education graduate needs…

A complicated and continuously changing issue for faculty in professional schools is reviewed here: the role of faculty practice in their academic lives in general, and in their peer evaluation in particular. The discussion first considers the roles played by faculty professional practice in various professional fields and identifies the…

This four-chapter study presents the results of an examination of inservice teacher education needs for primary school teachers in Rivers State, Nigeria. Chapter 1 presents an overview and analysis of the needs, and highlights the introduction of universal primary education in 1970, school enrollment increases, the short supply and inadequate…

Structured interviews were conducted by selected vocational education instructors at Indian Hills Community College (IHCC) to determine current and projected employment and training needs of private-sector businesses with 200 employees or less and to assess opinions of IHCC programs. Employers were asked to provide information on the number of…

Over the past decade there has been a growing movement to deinstitutionalize disabled persons, and educational services should be adapted to fit the needs of these persons. There has also been an enormous growth in the prevalence, scope, and diversity of community services that support them and their families. Increasing proportions of fiscal…

This booklet provides information for teachers wishing to qualify for certification in the Canadian province of Manitoba. Written in French and English, the booklet's topics include: (1) requirements for types of teaching certificates (provisional teaching; permanent teaching; special, vocational-industrial, and vocational-business education;…

To help relate management ideas and knowledge to educational administration, the author reviews the major theories and findings from the last 20 years on managerial leadership and discusses their relevance for school principals. He first summarizes findings from three approaches: the traits approach, emphasizing managerial motivation and skills;…

This document is a report of a study that was conducted to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date compilation of data regarding professional and occupational practice requirements in Pennsylvania, focusing on the role of continuing professional education in the various credentialing processes. Following a discussion of the methodology and results of…

An evaluation is presented of summer inservice secondary school teacher education programs given at five colleges of Addis Ababa University in 1982. A survey was conducted focusing on how academic and administrative affairs were operated. The first chapter of this report provides a statement of the problem, identifying the background history of…