The social representation attached to an English or Argentinan national identity were studied for schoolboys aged 7, 10, 12, and 17 years (220 in England and 146 in Argentina) following the Falkland Islands conflict. Findings suggest the potential of socially oriented theoretical frameworks for research on political socialization. (SLD)

Gender differences were examined in narratives of the future constructed by 39 male and 43 female older adolescents (aged about 20 years) in college. The most striking gender differences were found in pace and timing of predicted events, rather than in events themselves. Females' narratives exhibit greater temporal constraint. (SLD)

Studies sex bias portrayed in 25 picture books published during 5 decades between 1940 and 1980, particularly the use frequency and characterization of males and females. Frequency of depiction has become more evenly distributed, but girls are shown to be as passive dependent as found 50 years ago. (JB)

Factor analysis problems of scales with dichotomous items were illustrated using the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children. A different solution than that of R. E. Lindal and P. H. Venables (1983) was obtained, despite using similar samples--2 random samples of 671 and 674 male seventh and eighth graders. (SLD)

Examined 2 constructs pertaining to male gender role in relation to indices of psychological well-being among 190 male college students. Found that scores on Gender Role Conflict Scale were not related to masculinity scores, gender-role conflict was negatively related to most measures of psychological well-being, and there were two independent…

Twenty-seven boys (ages 8-11) with hyperactive disorder and 28 boys with hyperactive-aggressive disorder were administered methylphenidate. No significant results were found for the hyperactive disorder group in either reading recognition or comprehension. The hyperactive-aggressive group improved in reading comprehension, with no effect resulting…

This study, with 64 gifted students (grades 4-8) and 432 nongifted peers, found that, although gifted boys were the most popular group, gifted girls were the least popular. Gifted boys were perceived by peers to be physically attractive, less aggressive, more creative, and smarter than other children. (Author/DB)

Sex stereotyping (raising boys and girls to be different because of their sex) begins at birth. The article reviews studies detailing sex stereotyping practices and offers suggestions on what parents can do to avoid them. A list of suggestions for raising children in a nonsexist way is included. (SM)

Examines the long-term effects of two Australian community antismoking campaigns that used television advertising to set the community agenda. Finds that, at the beginning of the campaigns, there was an immediate 2 percent drop in male and female smoking prevalence, followed by a 1.5 percent decline per year among males. (FMW)

A survey of 238 Ohio male vocational agriculture teachers (65 percent) revealed perceptions of sex bias, discrimination, and harassment against female agriculture teachers by other teachers, students, parents, community, and employers. Sex bias affected female teachers' assumption of leadership roles in professional organizations. Male teachers…

Examined the effect of observation of gender-related information in the peer group on preschoolers' attention to toys that were not clearly delineated as appropriate for one sex or the other. Contemporaneous peer involvement was significantly associated with children's toy adoption, but cumulative peer involvement was not. (Author/BB)

The role played by sex-related differences in prediction of grades from Scholastic Aptitude Test scores with regard to the grade criterion and the variables associated with academic performance was studied for an entire university first-year class (4,351 students). Sources of underprediction for women are discussed. (SLD)

Using a 1987 sample of 526 undergraduates, this study examines changes in student alcohol use, alcohol abuse, and attitudes toward drinking over their college careers. The maturation of attitude and behavior observed in females was not seen in males, for whom college may represent a period of protracted adolescence. (SLD)

Describes the Meyerhoff Scholarship Program at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, that is designed to increase the number of African Americans, especially males, who enter and succeed in undergraduate, doctoral and professional programs. (PR)

This article reviews research on cognition and intervention among individuals (mostly males) with fragile X syndrome, the second leading cause of mental retardation. It describes general syndrome characteristics, specific cognitive characteristics (such as better verbal than performance abilities), and educational implications. (Author/DB)