Computerized infant simulators may deter early parenthood. A survey of 1,285 teenagers before and after simulation showed a significant change in some attitudes toward parenting. Males reported the strongest attitude change, while females began with more realistic understandings of parenting. Further study is needed to determine whether attitude…

Summarizes key predictors of offending discovered in longitudinal study of 411 males. Most important childhood predictors of offending were socioeconomic deprivation, poor parenting, family deviance, school problems, hyperactivity-impulsivity-attention deficit, and antisocial child behavior. Proposes theory to explain results, including…

Among conclusions of the review of the literature are that learning-disabled (LD) females have lower IQ's and more severe academic achievement deficits in some aspects of reading and math, but are somewhat better in visual-motor abilities, spelling, and written language mechanics than LD males. (Author/DB)

Relative performance of single-sex education and coeducation for 3,265 eighth graders in Thailand was assessed. Scores on standardized mathematics tests indicate that single-sex schools are more effective for females, whereas coeducational schools are more effective for males in improving student mathematics performance. These differentials are…

Measurement and data-reduction procedures were conducted for psychosocial scales used in behavioral research on the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Associations of the scales for other personal and health services/information factors with one selected AIDS protective behavior among 281 asymptomatic homosexual/bisexual men were…

A total of 60 boys in second, fourth, and sixth grades participated in a study of the development of children's situational attributions and dispositional inferences about peers. All age groups were able to use attributional dimensions, but younger boys were less likely to use them to form negative dispositional inferences about a target peer.…

Provides different perspectives on comparable worth issues. Covers the following topics: (1) competing explanations for the wage gap; (2) indirect approaches to wage equity; (3) the need for a direct approach to wage equity; (4) job evaluation; (5) application of comparable worth principles to compensation systems; and (6) strategies for adopting…

Discusses how gender differences in the value of pay, based on relative deprivation theory, explain women's paradoxical contentment with lower wages. Presents a model of pay satisfaction to integrate value-based and comparative-referent explanations of the relationship between gender and pay satisfaction. Discusses economic approaches to the…

Focuses on variations in perceptions and conceptions of machismo within Mexican and Latino culture. Studies how Latino fathers living in United States perceive machismo, utilizing data from in-depth interviews. Identifies two models of masculinity, one as compensation for powerlessness, the other grounded in ethics, honor, and courage. (TES)

Decreases in the number of Black men entering college have raised concern about their status in American society. Educators cite deep-seated economic and sociological factors, with implications for Black family and social structures, and have attempted to reverse the trend through active recruitment of Black males for college enrollment. (AF)

Examines the importance of goals and style in female competition. Describes an ethnographic study of 27 girls and 12 boys playing a ball game at a Quaker school. Finds that the girls used stereotypically feminine rhetoric to support aggressive competition. (FMW)

Examines how changes in the structure of Canadian entry-level occupations between 1930 and 1980 have been reflected in changes in the distributions of task requirements. Findings indicate that the importance of formal education for occupational access has increased for both men and women. (FMW)

The reliability of derived measures from 4 cognitive paradigms was studied using 19 Navy enlisted men (aged between 18 and 24 years). The paradigms were: graphemic and phonemic analysis; semantic memory retrieval; lexical decision making; and letter classification. Results indicate that derived scores may have low reliability. (SLD)

Differences in computer use, attitude, and efficacy between female and male college freshmen were studied. It was found that when computer training was integrated into classroom work, sex differences in attitude and use declined. Unstructured, voluntary exposure to computers, however, elicited responses suggesting opposing mechanisms for females…

Study reveals that sex composition of groups of college students studying psychology affected perception, especially in the affective and behavior domains, of female instructors in situations where gender is salient. (Author/BJV)