While numerous feminist scholars have written about "silence," few have focused on the silence of women in powerful masculinized positions such as the superintendency. The purpose of the paper is to expose the silencing, the disallowing of voice in actual practice, or the "unnatural silence" (Olsen 1978) of women superintendents through a…

This tipsheet explains that an interpreter's role is to facilitate communication and convey all auditory and signed information so that individuals with and without hearing may fully interact. It outlines the common types of services provided by interpreters, and discusses principles guiding the professional behaviors of interpreters. When working…

Changing the roles of health workers in schools is critical if children's mental health needs are to be met. School psychologists must move beyond their traditional gatekeeping roles and engage in consultation, research, program development, and in-service training to help schools in the future. It may be possible to meet both peer consultation…

As schools reform for the 21st century, educators are being asked to work together in more and more ways. Many have not been prepared to work together, and little additional time is being allocated for collaborative work. Two solutions are worth consideration: (1) to make more time and (2) to use time more effectively. As teachers and other school…

Teams can produce innovative solutions to complex problems, enabling organizations to be faster, more responsive, more competitive, and more successful in meeting their missions. These kinds of results are not guaranteed, however. When an organization sponsors a team, it is usually to address a challenge deemed essential to organizational success.…

Male teachers comprise only 12 percent of the teachers in early childhood programs, in comparison to 30 percent of the total teaching workforce. This paper reviews literature on male early childhood teachers and explores the reasons given by four men for deciding to be Montessori early childhood teachers. The paper then considers reasons for the…

The review of research and literature discusses the relationship between academic research activity and the teaching of English as a second language (ESL). Attitudes toward the research/teaching relationship are examined, and criticisms over the past decade are summarized. A model is offered of the most common, top-down conception of the flow of…

A case study, part of a larger 5-year Excellence in English (EIE) research project, focused on the Dade County (Florida) School District's Division of Language Arts/Reading. Over a 2-year period, four middle and high school English programs in Dade County were studied as part of the EIE project; this part of the project focused on the professional…

Reports a study which investigated perceived pupil control ideology consensus among teachers, their colleagues, and their principal, and its relation to teacher job satisfaction, using as subjects a sample drawn from the eastern and central regions of Pennsylvania. (Author/JM)

Author recommends post-graduate interdisciplinary medicolegal instruction as an effective alternate to full professional degrees in law and medicine. (IR)

Medical college curriculum must be continually changed to take into consideration changes in our society, and to develop new skills and new concepts in medicine to solve public health problems. (IR)

Conflicts between superintendents and architects about planning school facilities can be avoided by written educational specifications and an understanding that preliminary cost estimates are not binding. However, the owner may impose a fixed budget limitation that is legally binding if all parties agree in writing. (MLF)

Entitlement legislation, demographic trends, and increased status and control over a student constituency have encouraged teachers to specialize. This trend can lead to bureaucratization and fragmentation of the profession. Specialized professional services should be provided in a way that recognizes client involvement in decision making. (PP)

Pharmacists (N=233) responded to the question "What is the most difficult aspect of geriatric pharmacy practice?" Most commonly cited problems were (1) inadequate professional skills or knowledge in geriatrics; (2) patient compliance; (3) physician functioning (including overprescribing of medications); (4) communication with the elderly; (5) lack…