Some causes for reliability problems in tutor-marked assignments are discussed: factors relating to the questions such as ambiguous, overloaded, hidden agenda, and unrealistic questions; variations caused by differing tutor notes; and students not answering the question, scales and standards, rounding and partial scores, and bonus marks. (JMF)

Essay assignments provide a major portion of students' grades in most Open University curricula. The main educational objectives of essay questions are relevance and the ability to argue a thesis in the light of the course material. (JMF)

Discusses the search of many postsecondary educational institutions to find acceptable ways to grant credit for out-of-school learning. Describes sources of potential credit, assessment approaches, and structuring of the credit granting process. (JH)

The author argues that recurring themes in the literature of Afro American women do not reflect heroism, hope, and liberation for Black people and suggests that writers take inspiration from the experiences of Black men and women who were politically active during the civil rights period. (EB)

Two frameworks for the study of man are discussed. The Cartesian model views man as a physical object. A dialectic framework, with the emphasis on the self, grew out of nineteenth century romanticism and reflects the theories of Hegel. Both models have had an effect on social psychology and the study of interpersonal communication. (BH)

The author reviews the need for educational intervention with disadvantaged gifted children and cites her legislative actions in support of the issue. Note: An address by the Honorable Shirley Chisholm before the National Forum on Minority Disadvantaged Gifted and Talented (May 15, 1978). (CL)

Notes the potential educational and socializing role of television for children in light of the amount of viewing time, sensitivity to nonverbal communications, and their relative ease of influence. The effects of commercials and televised violence are cited, as is television's ability to influence behavior and cognitive functioning. (RAO)

Discusses the individualization of instruction as it relates to learner characteristics, instructional environment, instructional treatment, and their interaction. Practical considerations for learners, instructional treatments, and learning outcomes emanating from the literature on aptitude-treatment interaction are suggested. (RAO)

Examines the definitions of information science, the general development of information science education, and its present status in graduate library education in Canada, including specific lists of courses offered and a list of information science topics. (CWM)

Parents of exceptional children can and should be involved in educational planning and decision making concerning student evaluation and placement. (CL)

The major part of this article presents examples of representative social studies essay questions which are used in the New York State Regents' examination and discusses their evaluation. Fundamental purposes of evaluation and changes and trends which have influenced evaluation are also discussed. (Author/RM)

Suggests ways of teaching students how to successfully take essay examinations. (DD)

Test results of 915 high school students taking a history examination with a choice of topics show that students were generally able to pick the topic on which they could get the highest score. Implications for fair scoring when topic choice is allowed are discussed. (SLD)

Of 208 Welsh nursing/midwifery lecturers, large numbers corrected referencing, grammar, spelling, and sentence structure in students' written work; many felt this was less appropriate at higher levels. There was a discrepancy between opinions about and actual frequency of meetings with supervisees. Many commented on students' academic ability as a…