Despite the importance of mathematical understanding for academic and occupational success, students in the United States are not meeting necessary levels of mathematics achievement. Multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) provide a framework for schools to allocate resources to best support students. Universal screening, a key element of MTSS,…

Computerized assessments and interactive simulation tasks are increasingly popular and afford the collection of process data, i.e., an examinee's sequence of actions (e.g., clickstreams, keystrokes) that arises from interactions with each task. Action sequence data contain rich information on the problem-solving process but are in a nonstandard,…

This book delves into the role of higher education as a means of sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Contributions from across the region examine the strategies and technological advances available to enable students to deal with an uncertain future and are organised under two key themes: Curriculum and Teaching and Higher Education and…

"Learning in the Primary Years" is intended to support teachers in nurturing the hearts and minds of young children from Kindergarten through Grade 3, fostering a sense of wonder and encouraging endless curiosity. It is also intended to be relevant, inspirational, and informative and provides connections with the British Columbia Early…

The goal in personalized assessment is to best fit the needs of each individual test taker, given the assessment purposes. Design-In-Real-Time (DIRTy) assessment reflects the progressive evolution in testing from a single test, to an adaptive test, to an adaptive assessment "system." In this paper, we lay the foundation for DIRTy…

The goal in personalized assessment is to best fit the needs of each individual test taker, given the assessment purposes. Design-in-Real-Time (DIRTy) assessment reflects the progressive evolution in testing from a single test, to an adaptive test, to an adaptive assessment "system." In this article, we lay the foundation for DIRTy…

Journalism has the potential--and arguably the mandate--to expand public understanding of societally important phenomena. However, some methods for more effectively educating the public have been persistently underutilized: in particular, embedding informative numerical rates and efficient scientific explanations in news reports. In the current…

The current study examined preschoolers' (N = 801) age-related performance on one measure of verbal counting and two measures of cardinality ("how many" and "give n") aligned with the kindergarten Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM) and included in the majority of states' early learning guidelines for…

According to international studies of achievement in mathematics amongst Australian secondary school students, results have declined over time when compared with other countries. The National Assessment Program -- Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) is an Australian government initiative to measure whether students have the knowledge, understanding,…

This study examines potential bias with respect to perceived gender and ethnicity in preservice teachers' professional noticing of children's mathematical thinking. The goal of the study was to explore how, and to what extent bias emerges within pre-service teachers' professional noticing of children of differing perceived races and genders. Our…

Literacy today relies on a readers' ability to analyse text critically. This case study investigated preservice teachers' critical analysis of media text containing visuals and representations. In particular, the analysis focused on mathematical factors that impact on readers' interpretation of diverse visuals. Data was gathered from the 23…

The "cardinality principle" (CP) is a conceptual basis of counting collections meaningfully and provides a foundation for understanding other key aspects of numeracy, such as the successor principle or counting-on to determine sums. Unfortunately, little research has focused on how best to teach the CP. One suggestion is that modeling…

The purpose of this study was to identify the different profiles and patterns of progress in numerical skills of 6- to 10-year-old elementary school students with mild or moderate intellectual disability (ID). A standardised test of numerical and arithmetic skills was administered to 57 students with ID at the beginning and at the end of a school…

Children's spontaneous focus on numerosity (SFON) is described as an unprompted tendency that is stable across contexts. The attention to number task (AtN), an experimental forced-choice picture-matching task designed to evaluate select aspects of children's focus on numerosity, may reveal whether task materials can implicitly prompt children to…

In the wake of neo-liberal informed global trends to set performance standards and intensify accountability, the Dutch government aimed for 'raising standards for basic skills'. While the implementation of literacy standards was hardly noticed, the introduction of numeracy standards caused a major backlash in secondary schools, which ended in a…