Comments on the ideas espoused by Smedslund (PS 522 552) in this issue. Agrees to the idea of spending more intellectual energy in distinguishing between a priori and empirical hypotheses but emphasizes that concepts are not always accurate reflections of reality and that even empirical disconfirmation of an a priori hypothesis sometimes can…

Reports a study examining the effects of cooperative learning and self-instructional packets--"Group Educational Modules" (GEM)--on the achievement of biology students. Significant differences in achievement (as compared to control groups) were found for students using GEM materials and students in cooperative learning situations. (PR)

Reports a study investigating the utility of 52 items, selected from a readily available item pool developed for instructional purposes, when the items are used to measure critical thinking abilities of biology students. The items had reasonably good internal consistency reliability and good concurrent validity. (PR)

The Holmes Group's second major report, "Tomorrow's Schools" (1990), offers a radically different perspective on teachers and their roles than does the group's first report, "Tomorrow's Teachers" (1986). Compared to 1986, teachers in 1990 are viewed with greater respect and are regarded as potential colleagues in educational…

This section includes reports from the American Association of School Librarians (AASL), Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT), Division of School Media Specialists (AECT), International Association of School Librarianship (IASL), and Society of School Librarians International (SSLI); an overview of state association and…

Review of literature concerning problem solving in genetics and Piagetian stage theory. Authors conclude the research suggests that formal-operational thought is not strictly required for the solution of the majority of classical genetics problems; however, some genetic concepts are difficult for concrete operational students to understand.…

Discussion of bibliographic database management in industrial and government research and development organizations focuses on a class on bibliographic database management offered at the library of the Naval Ocean Systems Center. The organization of the class is explained, and database structure and cataloging guidelines for project documentation…

When parents objected to a new performance-based achievement scale, a Wisconsin school revised its report card to reflect traditional letter grades for each main subject area, using the new scale to measure component skill areas. Schools can weather controversy by making report cards reflect school philosophy, involving school personnel and…

In a case concerning the National Institutes of Health and Stanford University (California), a federal judge has ruled that government agencies cannot require researchers receiving federal funds to submit research results for review before release to the public. Such a preview is seen as threatening academic freedom. (MSE)

An examination of approaches to analyzing speech reporting, found that the various approaches fall into two broad categories: traditional, emphasizing the syntactic dimension; and discourse pragmatic, emphasizing the interaction of syntactic, pragmatic, and stylistic factors. A model is proposed and applied to learner varieties of English and…

Presents a position statement of the National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS). Reports that the NCSS objects to ability grouping in social studies. Argues that ability grouping disadvantages minority, handicapped, and low ability students. Suggests that ability grouping undermines the democratic ideals that should be the basis of the social…

The report of the 1990 Joint Committee on Health Education Terminology provides a common interpretation of terms frequently used by health educators in many settings. Terminology is broken down into contextual definitions, primary health education definitions, definitions related to community settings, and definitions related to educational…

A study examined the content of papers presented at the second, third, and fourth national conferences of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL). Analyses of the papers presented at the first national conference revealed that one-third of them were research reports, whereas proceedings from subsequent meetings contained fewer…

Includes nine articles that suggest ways to improve communication in junior and senior high school libraries. Highlights include how to communicate effectively with principals and other administrators, students, teachers and other staff members, and the community; types of information that administrators need; annual reports; newsletters; and…

Maintains that economic research recently has been characterized by the development of increasingly sophisticated models of economics learning. Recommends that further application of the Survey on Economic Attitudes include factor analysis as an alternative approach to gain additional insights into affective economics learning. (CFR)