The greater emphasis on the significance and difference in English performance between the school types has mainly been investigated across Asian countries. However, not much is known about what language skills differentiate their overall language achievement. Using a quantitative study with comparative analysis, this study measured the reading…

This article reports on two quantitative studies of English learners' (ELs) interactions with constructed-response items from a Grade 5 state science test. Study 1 investigated the relationships between the constructed-response item-level variables of English Reading Demand, English Writing Demand, and Background Knowledge Demand and the…

The current study investigated the impact of manipulating reading strategy, reading the questions first (QF) or the passage first (PF), during a reading comprehension test, and we explored how reading strategy was related to student characteristics. Participants' eye movements were monitored as they read 12 passages and answered multiple-choice…

For this project, ACT developed math and science items that attempted to represent unique aspects of cultures, raise awareness of social justice issues, promote cultural learning, be authentic and relatable, be comprehensible, and represent people in positive, nonstereotypical ways. Creating culturally relevant items was a new challenge for ACT…

Background: Base-ten thinking (BTT) -- children's ability to reason in tens and ones is a crucial measure of Foundation Phase learners' mathematical performance in South Africa. Aim: The study looks at the six learners using BTT to solve additive tasks through two different assessments. Setting: Six purposely selected Grade 3 learners in…

Despite being a popular topic in language testing, cognitive load has not received enough attention in vocabulary test items. The purpose of the current study was to scrutinize the cognitive load and vocabulary test items' differences, examinees' reaction times, and perceived difficulty. To this end, 150 students were selected using…

Recent literature in the field of L2 vocabulary assessment has advocated for the development of written receptive vocabulary tests such as Vocabulary Levels Tests (VLTs) that use: (a) meaning-recall item formats, (b) a minimum of 40 item counts per 1,000-frequency band to improve level estimates, and (c) lemmas (not word-families) as the lexical…

An important issue about testing and assessment is that despite their significant role as item writers, assessors, or decision-makers, teachers' perception of testing and assessment in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context and how their perception differs with certain variables are usually ignored. This study aims to explore teachers'…

Aim: This study aimed to describe the practices and perceptions of nurse educators when developing NGN-style test items. Methods: This study used a qualitative descriptive methodology to explore the practices and perceptions of nursing faculty when developing NGN-style test items from nursing faculty in accredited prelicensure programs in the…

When researchers code behavior that is undetectable or falls outside of the validated ordinal scale, the resultant outcomes often suffer from informative missingness. Incorrect analysis of such data can lead to biased arguments around efficacy and effectiveness in the context of experimental and intervention research. Here, we detail a new…

The study investigates the effect of the perception of text and task difficulty on adults' performance in reading tests in L1 and L2. The relationship between the following variables is studied: (a) readers' perception of text and task difficulty in L1 and L2 measured in a self-reported post-task questionnaire, (b) the number of correct answers to…

The aim of the research is to develop an online environment where teachers can access test and item statistics and a comprehensible report regarding the tests they have used, to ensure the storage of their reports in their own online environment as well as to have an idea on the utility of the subject matter environment. The research is planned as…

The aim of this study was to develop an instrument to measure upper-level Chinese elementary students' attitudes towards science by addressing problems with existing ones, as highlighted in the literature. The theoretical framework was drawn from the ABC model, which defines attitudes towards science as consisting of affective, behavioural, and…

One of the issues that hinder the students' learning progress is the inability to construct an epistemological explanation of a scientific phenomenon. Four-tier multiple-choice (hereinafter, 4TMC) instrument and Partial-Credit Model were employed to elaborate on the diagnosis process of the aforementioned problem. This study was to develop and…

The test of understanding graphs in kinematics (TUG-K) has widely been used to assess students' understanding of this subject. The TUG-K poses different objectives to the test takers such as (1) the selection of a graph from a textual description, (2) the selection of corresponding graphs, and (3) the selection of a textual description from a…