A system for evaluating clinical competency of residents was designed to test expert opinions as well as the skills of the practitioner. Four measures of clinical competency were included: data collection completeness; problem identification accuracy; interview skills; and patient and physician assessment. (Author/MH)

A study investigated the effectiveness of two competency-based in-service workshops for home economics teachers in Maryland. Teachers who participated in the workshops spent more time individualizing instruction and were perceived by their students as being more concerned for them as individuals. (JH)

Cross-cultural generalizability of Cattell's triadic theory of ability structure was examined for Hebridean, Ugandan, Canadian Eskimo, and native Indian samples. Four of the six postulated second-order capacities were found as well as a Piagetian conservation factor. At a most global order of generality, two larger, third-order factors were found.…

Undergraduate subjects were given an opportunity to cheat undetected on puzzle problems. The hypotheses were confirmed that more cheating occurred under ability attribution conditions than under luck attribution conditions; this effect of performance attribution was greater among self-aware subjects than among non-self-aware subjects. (Author/MH)

The effects of semantic (S), orthographic (O), and unrelated (U) verbal stimuli on word retrieval were examined. S stimuli inhibited locating items within categories, whereas U stimuli inhibited locating the appropriate category. The discrepancy between the present outcome and the previous finding of S prime retrieval facilitation is discussed.…

The recall effectiveness of semantic and phonemic cues was compared to uncover the pattern of deep and elaborate processing in relation to age and experimental treatment. It was concluded that aging results in poor elaboration, especially in inefficient integration of word events with the context of presentation. (Author/CP)

The fan effect (the difficulty in retrieving any one fact after learning many about a concept) occurs only when the facts with repeated concepts are stored as independent episodes. It tells us nothing about the code formed by a pattern of interconnected concepts. (Author/CP)

Orthographic context and visual letter information were independently varied in a letter recognition task. The results contradicted the qualitative predictions of nonindependence theories of reading and are accurately described by a quantification of independence theory. (Author/CP)

Reports on the Dreyfus Foundation Conference held in Boston at Northeastern University. The proceedings are outlined and some statistics are presented on the supply and demand for chemistry graduates. (Author/SA)

The Bem Sex-Role Inventory and Heilbrun Masculinity and Femininity Scales were compared. Correlations between the masculine and feminine scales of both instruments were significant for males but not for females. Misclassification into sex role categories occurred primarily in those categories in which personality characteristics overlap. (MH)

Cognitive style differences exhibited by middle class and working class male and female adolescents were examined. Dimensions of cognitive style measured include: conceptual differentiation, categorizing flexibility, conceptual preference, originality, ideational fluency, flexibility, and category width. (Author/BW)

Immunization records and frequency of checkups for urban and rural infants were investigated to determine differential patterns of preventive medical services use. Urban children scored highest in preventive care, rural children lowest. Conditions affecting scores included mother's educational level, type of medical service used, and child's place…

The effects of class size, classroom organization, and grade on friendship choice and clique formation were examined using cross-sectional and longitudinal sociometric data. Classroom characteristics affected friendliness and popularity, incidence of cross-sex friendships, number of social isolates per class, and number and size of cliques.…

A model of teacher expectancy postulating links between teacher expectations, teacher and pupil behaviors, and academic achievement was tested in grades three and four. Although a number of significant relations were found, it was concluded that a teacher expectancy effect was not operating in this situation. (Author/JKS)

The ways in which projective and nonprojective verbal measures of achievement motivation elicit comparable and dissimilar responses in a "Third World" sample of entrepreneurs and farmers were explored as a test of McClelland's theory of economic growth. Results were generally consistent with the theory of achievement motivation.…