Used quantitative genetic design to examine between- and within-family variations and gene-environment processes in parent-child mutuality among 3-year-old identical and same-sex fraternal twins. Found that greater mutuality was associated with higher socioeconomic status. Moderate sibling similarity in parent-child mutuality was accounted for by…

Presents the results from a survey that was used to study problems of college student life such as material situation, level of professional and social self-determination, political involvement, leisure time, and relationships with various student organizations. Targeted students in their third year of study. (CMK)

Examined individual differences in and school effects on health outcomes of students using data for 6,883 Canadian students from 147 schools from the New Brunswick School Climate Study. Among the many findings of interest is that school context (socioeconomic status) and school climate (disciplinary climate) affected general health. Discusses the…

Presents an overview of education provisions in Brunei Darussalam, beginning with a descriptive chronology of the educational system and education institutions from 1912 to the present. Discusses socioeconomic indicators and projections and educational policy in the country. Outlines the structure of the education system, including examinations…

Widowed and divorced women were studied to test a counteractive model of stress, social support, and distress. Stress following the loss of a spouse led to social and psychological distress the following year; however, mixed effects were found for various conditions of support. Results and future research are discussed. (EMK)

Examines the relationship between school restructuring on mathematics achievement across categories of school socioeconomic status. Raises questions about the suitability of defining restructuring in terms of any specific reform agenda. Indicates the need for caution regarding the broad implementation of such an agenda in disadvantaged schools.…

Longitudinal data from 1,425 U.S. and 1,755 German students in grades 7-10 revealed that the influence of family background is more pronounced on early-schooling decisions. In both countries, achievement was the best predictor of career decisions. The cumulative process of social background influences is stronger in Germany. (Contains 49…

Analyzed data from the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS) to examine the awarding of institutional need-based versus non-need-based grants to undergraduate students. Determined: (1) how use of these grants has changed; (2) socioeconomic characteristics of student recipients; and (3) how institutional and student characteristics help…

Interviews with 18 elementary teachers in low-income urban schools and 11 in middle-class suburban schools revealed the following: (1) most described cultural differences as deficits and had low expectations of students; (2) most had a low sense of teaching efficacy; and (3) teachers of color did not have higher expectations or teaching efficacy…

Examines the educational system in Nordic countries as it regulates passage of age cohorts from home through school to the labor market. States that formal education is failing to close the skills gap. Advocates delinking vocational training from formal schooling and reorganizing working life in terms of production of practical know-how through…

Outlines neoconservative, neoliberal, and liberal views of what works and what's good for children in reading education. Notes how each vies for the seminal role in defining the goals, means, and outcomes of reading education; but none discusses the complex social contexts of literacy learning and how unequal conditions in society might cause…

A U.S. Department of Education study concluded that the most significant predictor of college completion is not SAT scores or socioeconomic status, but a school curriculum's academic intensity: advanced math, 4 years of English, 2 years of lab science and foreign language, and advanced-placement courses. (MLH)

Data tables from a 1999 survey of college freshmen provide extensive data concerning demography (e.g., parental occupation, family income), reasons for college choice, college major plans for men and women, financial status, frequent activities, high school grades, opinions and goals, (DB)

Sports participation can help young people appreciate health, exercise, and fitness; learn about themselves and handling adversity; and experience teamwork and sportsmanship. The key to a good high-school sports program is not winning, but student improvement. Athletic participation and achievement should not determine kids' social status. (MLH)

Secondary school teachers participating (n=371) and not participating (n=422) in continuing education in Hong Kong were surveyed. Such variables as situations, dispositions, attitudes, beliefs, and social norms did not distinguish participants from nonparticipants. The only significant factors were socioeconomic status and motivations. (SK)