In response to M. Kitano (EC 602 518), this article supports her pluralist orientation to gifted education of culturally diverse students and suggests that development of adequate identification procedures requires clarification of the gifted construct itself and examination of the relationship between socioeconomic status and being identified as…

Argues that equal educational opportunity demands different approaches for children from different backgrounds. Compares three phases in family economic and social conditions to those of a nation. Discusses (1) exploitation of children's labor on the subsistence level, (2) children as investments for the family on the industrial level, and (3)…

Analysis of census data indicates that the proportions of children in both the wealthiest and poorest families increased during the 1980s, associated with increasing female-headed families and changing patterns of maternal employment. Moreover, increasing racial differences in family structure exacerbated income inequality between African-American…

The influence of self-esteem on the use of status considerations as determinants of interpersonal acceptance was studied for 356 male and 366 female Israeli junior high school students. Results suggest that individuals with high self-esteem may be more likely to see themselves as equals to higher status others. (SLD)

Recent studies of effects of small-scale schooling on student achievement suggest that, when the interaction between SES and organizational scale is accounted for, small schools provide substantial benefits to low-SES students. Mechanisms may include small class size, good student affect, and cooperative interpersonal relationships. Contains 54…

Obtained 4-year follow-up data regarding marital status and marital accord for 59 couples receiving either behavioral (BMT) or insight-oriented (IOMT) marital therapy in a controlled outcome study. Found no significant group differences between the two treatment conditions at termination or six-month followup; but by four-year followup, a…

Discusses use of the term "African-American" in the context of relationships among country of origin, identification with that country, and the American experience. Finds no association between name identification and current Black social movements. Suggests that the issue should not overshadow continued effort to gain economic stability…

Discusses the factors contributing to existing patterns of utilization of health care systems for the aged in poor health. Identifies trends in the demographic characteristics of the aged African American population that may affect ways to modify the existing systems to meet the needs of African American aged. (JS)

Analyzes concentration of employment opportunities for different socioeconomic groups in different local labor-market areas (LMAs). Uses regression analysis of 1980 census data. Finds rural LMAs offer fewer opportunities. Gender differences in occupational concentrations relate to industrial composition of labor market. Racial difference is…

Uses hierarchical modeling techniques to investigate Australian students' science achievement, examining the proposition that gender and socioeconomic inequities result from school systems designed to produce an unequal social order. Even after adjusting for students' individual characteristics, their home backgrounds, and school context, there…

This study investigated whether bias was evident in teacher referrals to the school nurse by examining referrals from seven elementary schools. The 117 children referred for nonroutine nursing interventions were compared with 3,787 children not referred. There were no differences by gender but significant differences by socioeconomic status and…

Asked 462 university students whether or not each of 16 scenarios represented "family" to ascertain their perceptions of "family." Found that all respondents considered traditional nuclear unit as family, and majority perceived marital status and parental status to be important features when defining family. Respondents tended to exclude…

Draws on the 1987 Current Population Survey to examine the effect of employment instability on earnings of 1,755 Mexican-origin men. Results show unequivocally that Whites received higher returns to education than did Mexican Americans, and that employment instability exerted a heavier penalty on Mexican-origin workers than Whites. (Author/SAS)

The scores on cognitive tests and school examinations of approximately 110 Kenyan children aged 6-9 years were analyzed, and a model was formulated. Certain measures of biological development and grade level are important predictors of scores on higher order cognitive tests. Household socioeconomic status is also positively associated with…

Presents recommendations for contracting elements that should be adopted by state Medicaid agencies and approaches that should be taken by managed care practices interested in providing high-quality care for children with special needs. These recommendations are based on interviews with administrators from 29 states and 22 plans. (SLD)