Relates various types of educational spending to mean mathematics achievement and its social distribution among students using a nationally representative database of 7,217 12th graders. Spending on instruction and capital expenditures was related to differences in achievement between socioeconomic status groups, with lower spending associated…

Used the Parents as Teachers Inventory to examine the relation between socioeconomic status and attitudes of 80 mothers of 3- to 5-year-olds who had attended Head Start or a university nursery school regarding play and creativity. Found that mothers of children attending the university school had higher play and creativity scores than mothers of…

Used projective techniques employing photographs of houses representing families' different income levels to explore low- and middle-income 5- to 14-year-olds' character associations regarding economic class and corresponding friendship choices. Found that even at early ages, both realistic assessments and popular prejudices about wealth and…

Investigates the stability of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition (SB:FE) and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) by testing a sample of 65 children from low socioeconomic status families. Mean scores for the group were roughly equivalent, correlation coefficients were high, and change scores for the majority of…

Individual factors, such as socioeconomic background and streaming choices (at the secondary level), contribute significantly to educational inequalities. Families have unequal resources to manage their children's schooling careers in an increasingly complex, decentralized system. The class or school attended widens gaps in academic results and…

This article briefly summarizes how peer associations, hierarchical social structures, and social roles contribute to the development and maintenance of antisocial behaviors. Questions are provided that interventionists must consider in shaping interventions. The need for interventions to change social contextual support for problem behavior is…

Finds that youth participating in a delinquency-prevention program (that included a psychoeducational intervention teaching them imagination skills) improved in their ability to be more fluent thinkers, showed better divergent thinking in the area of originality, improved in richness in storytelling, and reported a greater ability to relax and to…

Examines educational reforms relating to school choice introduced in England and Wales by Conservative governments. Evaluates whether choice has increased, and for whom, and whether desired achievement standards have been met. The range of schools has increased and student performance has improved. However, curricular diversity is constrained by…

A study examined schooling, weekly and annual working hours, and hourly earnings of women organized into nine birth cohorts, 1920 to 1964. Many more women are working now than did 20 years ago. The gap between the work of married and unmarried women has narrowed. Schooling and wage differences have widened in recent cohorts. (SK)

Examines Axel Lodewycks' role at the University of Melbourne (Australia) during the period 1959 to 1973. Lodewycks made a significant contribution to the construction of the Baillieu Library building in this period, but was never able to raise his own standing within the university beyond that established by his predecessors. (Author/AEF)

Tests whether patterns of gender differences in work values in Western societies were manifest in university students in Israel and are affected by marital status or major. Finds no significant differences in across the entire sample or within samples of single and married students; division by major did reveal significant differences. (DSK)

Argues that contemporary educational reform rhetoric hides policies that reinforce socioeconomic differences among students. Asks what it means to teach for a democratic society. Reviews the answers debated by participants in a conference on this issue, especially those centered on the Whole Schooling Consortium. (DSK)

Conclusions about peer-group influences on academic achievement often depend on the estimation method used to account for endogeneity of school and neighborhood choice. Using High School and Beyond Longitudinal Survey data, this paper shows that aggregation does not reduce the specification error in estimating peer-group benefits. (Contains 25…

States that compared with children raised in single-mother families created by death of the father, children raised in divorced single-mother families have significantly lower levels of education, occupational status, and happiness as adults. Speculates that the contrasting positions in the social structure of different types of single-mother…

School-effectiveness research (SER) has an instrumental orientation. Although critics claim otherwise, SER researchers usually consider students'"innate" background characteristics when studying schools. Theory formation, foundational issues, and research viability are being addressed. The field is definitely alive and kicking, despite…