Investigates the relationship between school size and science and mathematics achievement in Dutch, Swedish, and American secondary education. The analysis revealed little evidence of any school-size effects on achievement in any of the three countries, possibly because school size and curriculum comprehensiveness are not strongly related in these…

The structure of temperament over the ages 3 to 7 years was investigated through factor analysis of maternal ratings of 1,366 children on the Childhood Temperament Questionnaire (CTQ). Found four strong factors (inflexibility, sociability, persistence, and rhythmicity) and two weak ones (activity-mood and threshold). Discusses the strengths and…

Examines how the word "professionalization" is used within the social and political contexts in which teaching occurs, both historically and in current debates over educational reform. Argues that professionalization itself has no intrinsic meaning but is defined by the social, political, and economic relationships of a given society.…

Describes the results of a study that measures the perception of discrimination among African American men (n=537) among a stratified sample. Findings indicate that African American men who are young, single, racially conscious, masculine, and exposed to daily stressors were more likely to perceive racial discrimination than men who did not fit…

Results of a survey of the world view of female white clients, white counselors, and Chinese international students showed significant differences. Income was a significant predictor of world views for clients, while age and marital status contributed strongly to those of counselors. Among the Chinese students, the Taiwanese and the Mainland…

Uses aggregate data on academic success rates (test performance) and socioeconomic characteristics to assess the contributions of social, economic, and schooling factors to the pattern of spatial disparity (location relative to the inner city) in Great Britain. Findings indicate a need for more attention to the social dimension of urban problems…

Sought to establish if frequent participation in leisure activities helped widows and widowers adapt to widowhood and maintain lower stress levels. Sixty recently bereaved widows (n=43) and widowers (n=17) who were living in an Australian city were selected for the study. No significant differences were found in age, gender, income, or type of…

Social identity theory holds that social group memberships become part of the psychological self, affecting thoughts, feelings, and behavior. However, tests of this hypothesis have mainly involved judgmental dependent measures. A method is suggested that can provide more direct evidence. Discusses use of that method. (KW)

In Jamaica, structural adjustment policies have severely limited employment opportunities in the formal sector, and approximately 40% of the labor force engages in "informal" self-employment. Interviews with 250 self-employed microentrepreneurs revealed that effects on income of experience and various types of education differed between…

Tests the proposition that middle-class dropouts are more likely to engage in delinquency as a result of dropping out than lower-class dropouts. Seeks to test social control and strain theory explanations for observed dropout-delinquency relationships. Results indicate dropping out is more likely to be associated with higher levels of delinquency…

Tested the hypothesis that home environment positively predicts academic intrinsic motivation from childhood through early adolescence, controlling for socioeconomic status. Found that home environment had statistically positive and significant, direct and indirect paths to academic intrinsic motivation; children whose homes had greater emphasis…

Outlines a theory of how social capital contributes to volunteering, hypothesizing that social capital has a stronger effect on volunteering among people with more human capital and socioeconomic status. Specifies a test (of the effects) of social capital on volunteering and discusses the findings (of the test) in detail. (CMK)

This study extends investigation of the long-term consequences of child sexual abuse into the workplace and considers the economic effects on Lesbian women as determined by the National Lesbian Health Care Survey. It considers the effects of child sexual abuse on four spheres of a woman's life: her physical health, mental health, educational…

Analysis of survey data on over 2,700 Puerto Rican mothers and infants living in the mainland United States examined the behavior of nonresident, cohabiting, and married fathers in terms of both financial contributions and participation in child care. The results highlight the critical role of employment in father's involvement. (Contains 42…

This study examined the association between demographic factors and families' involvement in their children's education by using records of 35,057 preschool-aged children. Results indicated that poor parents, single parents, and parents who primarily spoke a non-English language at home participated significantly less in most of the involvement…