To test for item bias, it must be determined whether an item fits the model. Two approaches to defining bias within the framework of the Rasch model are examined. One compares within-group fit mean squares and the other utilizes a between-group fit statistic. Results from both approaches overlap somewhat, but are distinct in many different but…

This paper discusses a survey undertaken in 1981 to investigate the influence of education on occupational realities and expectations of high school graduates in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The specific focus of the survey was on the effect of high school graduation on the young indigenous population's mobility expectations, pursuit of higher…

The results of the first long-term, wide-scale secondary analysis of survey data concerning the enduring effects of schooling are presented in this work. The findings are detailed in four chapters covering the enduring effects of schooling on knowledge; the influence of other variables; the role of continuing learning, specifically through mass…

In this report, revisions made by the New Jersey State Board of Education to its administrative code in order to implement provisions of the law providing an additional cost factor for the state compensatory education fund are described. Methods utilized by Federal and State governments for targeting resources are discussed. including…

Based on a research study carried out in the mid-1970s, this paper traces the Puerto Rican immigration into Milwaukee and provides an overview of the economic and social conditions which fostered the growth of Milwaukee's Puerto Rican population. Also discussed are Puerto Rican family and household characteristics, religion, jobs and income, and…

In this study it is found that individual school buildings (the complex human social systems found in schools, not the buildings themselves) do affect student performance and achievement. A grade equivalent achievement test (total reading and total math score only) was used to measure achievement of 2,500 Detroit elementary school children in the…

Results of research investigations on sex differences suggest that: (1) those few differences which exist are average group differences; (2) biological and sociocultural factors are possible influences on observed sex differences; and (3) research on sex differences is basically inconclusive. Research examining these differences is inextricably…

The author discusses the thesis that self-concept tests are not construct valid for blacks because they may be measuring group (rather than individual) self-concept. In several listed studies, black children failed to identify with their own group in doll selection tasks. Williams suggested that children's social learning emphasizes the concept…

Accompanying rising affluence has been a gradual, consistent decline in reported levels of happiness. Crime rates, drug addiction, violence, and alienation show widespread dissatisfaction with aspects of life. Quality of life should therefore not be measured solely in terms of material wealth; psychological indicators should also be used. Data…

The similarity between two scales for assessing socioeconomic status was examined from longitudinal data on the achievement of Canadian students. Toronto's Longitudinal Study of Achievement sampled the complete senior kindergarten population (8,679 5-year-olds) in 1961-62, classifying father's occupations according to Hollingshead and Redlich's…

This report describes a study of how certain factors influence peoples' attitudes about other peoples' marital status and family size. For the study, stories were prepared describing single or married persons and families with different numbers of children. The stories contained information believed likely to affect the readers' attitudes or moral…

This work provides an in-depth profile of 1,629 Filipinos living in Mountain View, California. The research was designed to answer questions about how many Filipinos are present, their background, their overall socioeconomic status, their language use, education and use of selected government services. Despite overall appearances of prosperity and…

Personality differences among black populations of varying socioeconomic backgrounds from Jamaica and the U.S. were investigated using Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control measure, the Gough-Heilbrun Adjective Check List and Kelly's Role Construct Repertory Test. Results demonstrate the differential utility of these personality measures for…

This paper reports on three longitudinal studies of the relationship of mother-infant interaction (and other maternal characteristics) to child development. The goal of the research program was to find a way to break the chain of events that lead to mild mental retardation. The first study of 1,000 North Carolina first grade children showed that…

A study to determine on-campus participatory behavior among students at the University of Malaya is reported. The university is a coeducational, primarily undergraduate institution with an enrollment of just over 5,000. Entrance is gained through a stringent national examination; once admitted, students are virtually guaranteed graduation. During…