Selection effects in the Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test due to socioeconomic status (SES) were studied using data from longitudinal studies (n=8,222). Results show that subjects from low SES groups constitute the most positively-selected group even though they obtain the lowest test scores. Gender and grade differences are discussed. (MAK)

Reviews child poverty in the United States. Child poverty rates have been high since the 1970s, and it is expected that one-third of all children will be poor at some time. African American and Latino children and children in mother-only families are disproportionately poor. Both family structure and the labor market are implicated in child…

Knowledge about the inheritance of breast cancer and attitudes about genetic testing for breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility in women at increased risk were studied in Caucasian and African-American women (N=407). Participants had at least one first-degree relative with cancer. Differences in knowledge and attitudes toward risk may be attributed…

Analyzes student assessment results at Key Stage 1 in three core curriculum areas and in terms of performance across these areas. Demonstrates that background factors have differential affects on various subject attainments, raw data systematically penalize disadvantaged inner-city schools, and school policies and practices measurably affect…

Describes the variation in students' intentions for a college education by race, gender, and class. Examines background variables that describe students' race, gender, and socioeconomic status as well as attitudinal values that provide a measure of the student's outlook on life. Participants were selected from the tenth- to twelfth-grade students…

Tracks the relationship between alternative family structures and children's educational and occupational success over four decades (1960s-1990s) using four nationally representative surveys. Addresses the discrepancies observed in the literature on the effects of family structure on children. States that the findings are most consistent with an…

Notes storybook reenactments by 15 kindergarten children from working-class were transcribed and coded. Compares with the results from 24 children from middle-class homes. Finds the children in the present study did not show the same developmental progression as the children from the middle-class homes and, in fact, 11 of the 15 children did not…

Uses National Postsecondary Student Aid Study data to analyze the characteristics of student loan recipients and compare defaulters and nondefaulters along various dimensions, including demographic profiles, socioeconomic characteristics, and educational attainment. Borrowers from low-income households and minority groups, high school dropouts,…

Explores the issue of reading positions from the perspective of one aspect of appraisal in English. The analysis focuses on the realization of judgment in history texts, taking note of explicit and implied realizations, and the range of reading positions (compliant, resistant, or tactical) that might be taken up. (nine references) (Author)

Paper analyzes demographic trends in private and public school enrollment, highlighting total enrollment and socioeconomic characteristics of students in each sector. Results show there has never been an exodus from public schools, private school students are not an economically elite group, and Americans choose private schools for many reasons.…

Examines the relationship between parent-child interaction and a child's social status. Screened and rated third-grade children (n=82) as neglected, rejected, or average, by peer and teacher nomination. Observed children interacting with their mothers and cooperating on a task. Findings suggest a relationship between parent behavior and children's…

Discusses the imagery and process of an art therapy support group for low-income isolated lesbians, through five related "lenses": (1) women's relational dynamics and the centrality of relationships in lesbian lives; (2) trauma; (3) socioeconomic class; (4) lesbian identity, visibility, culture, and gender; and (5) transference. (SNR)

In a sample of ninth-grade Jewish and Arab students who participated in planned binational encounters, investigates in-group biases as a function of (1) their perceptions of the encounter between the groups as interpersonal or intergroup contact and (2) their views of the status of their respective national groups in Israel as legitimate and…

Examines four explanations for the low academic achievement of black and poor urban students: socioeconomic, sociopathological, cultural, and genetic. Acknowledges the merits of the first three, noting their specific weaknesses and limitations. Describes key characteristics of teachers who make a difference in reversing the cycle of despair and…

Examines racial/ethnic and gender patterns of educational, occupational, and income attainment in Israel and South Africa in the early 1980s, with reference to four theoretical perspectives on how educational expansion affects subordinate groups. Concludes that occupational and income equity are not increased by educational expansion alone, but…