Examined age and gender differences in verbal skills and visuomotor skills at kindergarten, in achievement in reading and mathematics at Grade four, and the link between skills at kindergarten and later achievement. Readiness in auditory memory and verbal associations predicted later reading achievement while readiness in number skills and visual…

Describes a study conducted at two Australian secondary schools that investigated relationships between perceptions of the classroom learning environment, approaches to learning, and self concept as a learner. Examines gender and age differences, describes measurement techniques used, and considers results of statistical analyses. (Contains 59…

Examined psychometric properties of Caregiver Inventory of Self-Concept (CISC) used with a largely Latino sample of 6- to 66-month-olds, and Tasks for Observation of Self-Concept (TOSC) used with 15- to 48-month-olds. Coefficient alpha and factor analysis provided evidence for test reliability and validity. Self-concept development followed…

Examined relationships between adolescents' explanations for unemployment, poverty, and homelessness, and their beliefs about opportunity, reports of family values, and personal aspirations. Found that likelihood of attributing problems to societal causes was positively related to maternal education and average household income in adolescent's…

This article discusses key aspects of school-based efforts to identify school context variables that can either ameliorate or exacerbate the risk for violence and aggression. A review of risk factors for aggression is followed by discussion of intervention in early childhood, intervention throughout middle childhood and adolescence, teaching…

This study used longitudinal data from five Irish American families and nine Chinese families in Taiwan, in conjunction with cultural psychology research evidence, to propose universal, culturally variable, and developmental dimensions of children's pretend play. Findings raise the theoretical issue of how universal and variable dimensions of…

Examined impact of mood, age, and gender on decision processes in a job-selection task for seventh through twelfth graders and adults. Found that females discarded more information and took longer to decide in negative versus positive or neutral moods. Junior high females were more pessimistic about their chances to obtain their desired job;…

Describes the development of a new measure of attitude towards science for use among secondary school pupils which operationalizes the affective attitudinal domain. Scale norms demonstrate that males record a more positive attitude towards science than females, and that younger pupils record a more positive attitude than older pupils. (Contains 78…

This intergenerational study focused upon obstacles confronting three gifted women in three generations in the same family. Obstacles included providing for basic needs of family, children, work, and others; the role of personal satisfaction as a quality of life; and the ability to accommodate wants, needs, and expectations of others. (Author/CR)

A model for treatment foster care is described, and data are presented on disruption rates. The likelihood of placement disruption for 90 participants (ages 2-16) was two times higher during the first 6 months than the second 6 months. Twenty-three experienced placement disruption, with older girls at the greatest risk. (Contains references.)…

Examined student views regarding violence-prone subcontexts in their schools, contrasting elementary and middle schools, grade levels, and different public locations at school. Found organization and social dynamics of the middle school likely influenced students' perceptions, and students in different grades within elementary and middle schools…

Compared gender-related inferences and judgments of third and fifth graders from Taiwan (a traditional collectivistic culture), and Israel (a less traditional modern culture). Found that Taiwanese children distinguished more than did Israeli children between male targets in stories behaving stereotypically and counterstereotypically. Interpreted…

A national survey identified predictors of school-age children's and adolescents' amount and type of milk intake. Findings indicated that geographic region, child's gender, and amount of milk mothers consumed predicted the children's milk consumption. Predictors of child milk type included the children's age, gender, race, geographic region,…

This study investigated the developmental continuity, stability, and organization of infants' behavioral response to mild stress from 1 to 3 months of age. Changes in infant stress reactivity were expected to coincide with a suspected neurobiological shift around the 2nd month. A total of 53 infants and their mothers participated in this study. At…

Purpose: To investigate the motivations of clients attending leisure centres/clubs. It is noted that training programmes for instructors tend to neglect this, particularly in relation to the gender and age of clients. Design/methodology/approach: In this study 460 recreational athletes including equal numbers of males and females in the two age…