Six same-different matching tests, both verbal and nonverbal in three modalities along with a set of reading tests, were administered to 120 Israeli children in second, third and fourth grade. (MS)

Relationships between children's self esteem, certainty of self esteem appraisal, and intellectual achievement responsibility were examined in boys and girls at the sixth grade and tenth grade levels with use of the Piers-Harris Children's Self Concept Scale and the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Questionnaire. (MS)

Analysis of the free speech of one- to three-year-olds (N=21) found that measures of mean length of utterance (MLU) are positively related to age, are reliable, and can predict grammatical development, although there are identifiable points in the developmental evolution of MLU and MLU-like indices beyond which their reliability and validity have…

Confirmed the hypothesis that happiness leads to self-indulgence when children have no reason to believe that excessive self-gratification is morally wrong but that happiness promotes self-denial when children fear that excessive self-gratification violates a moral rule. Results with 112 White, middle-class, Australian children ages four to five…

Seventy-five children at ages 10, 13, and 16 were administered Selman's role-taking interview, a measure of social desirability, and a multidomain measure of self-doubt. Consistent with the social-cognitive model, self-doubt decreased and role taking ability increased with age during early adolescence. (Author/JAZ)

Survey of 165 high school and college female athletes revealed the following: (1) high school subjects tend to emulate another female player; (2) of those who perceived a difference between male and female coaches as role models, high school students preferred a female coach, and college students preferred a male coach. (Author/BJV)

Examined the effects of various forms of new parental relationships following separation, on children's and mothers' adjustment. Found children's adjustment best with mothers not seriously romantically involved and with remarried mothers. Demonstrated that mothers' living with new partners but not married to them had a statistically significant…

Forty-eight Norwegian kindergarten children (aged 3-6 years) drew pictures, wrote their names, and captioned pictures three times during one school year. Results of analyses of their language writing abilities showed strong age-related developmental trends. Classroom language/print environment was also evaluated. (TJH)

Examination of 360 Israeli college student candidates demonstrates that upper-class candidates evidence higher levels of moral judgment than their lower-class counterparts. Moral judgment levels were also moderately correlated with total aptitude test scores and matriculation grades but were not differentiated by sex, ethnicity, or age.…

Examination of children with disabled siblings reveals that nondisabled children may treat their siblings more kindly and spend more time caring for them than do children with nondisabled siblings. Their experiences may produce more worries and anxieties; however, they also may develop more tolerance and humanitarian concerns. (Author/BJV)

Five experiments examined the cued recall of the last target words of primarily four-word (Bus-Airplane-Car-Train) category stimuli by children and adults. Focused on problems of gaining access to episodic search sets in recall. Results suggested that access to search set is more problematic for children than for adults. (RWB)

The performance of 40 hearing and 40 hearing-impaired children, aged two-five years, was compared on a battery of nonverbal tasks and a nonverbal intelligence test. Age significantly affected the results, consistent with a developmental change. In cognitive development, the hearing-impaired children were comparable to same-age hearing children.…

A carefully controlled hepatitis B immunization program among the University of Pittsburgh's dental students and faculty resulted in 96 percent of tested recipients having positive protective antibody titers. A direct relationship between age and positive titers emerged, supporting vaccination early in the dental career. (MSE)

Administered questionnaires to 4,317 high school students to assess impact on adolescents of recessionary economic conditions. Results from subsample of 1,897 students with paying, part-time jobs revealed that older students worked more hours than did younger students, and adolescents with higher grade point averages or high family socioeconomic…

A review of recent language research regarding the black English vernacular (BEV) considers new developments involving (1) the grammars of elderly and young speakers; (2) indications that BEV is not decreolizing but is actually diverging from white speech; and (3) the effect of contemporary developments on differences between black and white…