Comparisons with appraisals by supervisors, peers, and subordinates suggest that self-appraisals show more leniency, less variability, and less discriminant validity. Self-appraisals show less halo. Self-appraisals significantly correlate with other sources in some studies and fail to correlate in many others. (Author)

Self-assessments combined with achievements and test scores lead to increased accuracy and fairness in examining, but require adjustment for degree of understanding of the element to be rated. This kind of analysis appears promising for studies designed to reduce adverse impact of tests. (Author)

There are many opportunities for research on how self-assessment affects behavior, especially external and internal mobility. Problems often occur in choice of ability dimensions and selection context. A firm theoretical base is necessary. (JAC)

Ninety-four college males completed a management trainees' selection test that had been developed by criterion-keying. They were instructed once to answer honestly, and once to answer as a highly motivated job applicant would. "Faking" instructions resulted in significantly higher scores. (Author/GDC)

The effects of two item formats on item difficulty and item discrimination indices for mathematics problem solving multiple-choice tests were investigated. One format required identifying the proper "set-up" for the item; the other format required complete solving of the item. (Author/JKS)

Three studies demonstrate that the Inventory of Family Feelings, a measure of family affective structure, has high reliability and construct and concurrent validity. It is appropriate for affective comparisons by age, sex, and ordinal position of children and for measuring change after family or marital therapy, or after predictable stress…

The six subtests comprising the Metropolitan Readiness Tests were factor analyzed separately for White females, White males, Black females, and Black males. A single factor best described the structure of the test for each group. The factor structure was essentially invariant with regard to race and sex variables. (Author/CTM)

Verbalizations from 540 subjects experiencing different events were used to establish the validity of the sociality scale. High scorers related more positively and maintained better relationships with others, exhibited more interpersonal skills, and experienced less anxiety than low scorers. (Author)

The vocational evaluation system has demonstrated relatively strong predictive validity in use with handicapped and disadvantaged individuals receiving vocational evaluation services. These findings permit greater confidence on the part of counselors, evaluators, and job placement specialists in determining occupational directions for their…

Reports on the work of the Sheffield (England) Occupational Functional Reading Project. Describes the development of two criterion referenced tests of occupational functional reading ability and reports on their reliability. (FL)

The Ethical Reasoning Inventory (ERI) is an objective test derived from Kohlberg's Moral Judgment Interview. It correlated higher with Kohlberg , and has higher internal consistency than the Defining Issues Test and the Moral Judgment Scale. (CP)

Analysis of variance and subjective rating by curriculum specialists were used to identify biased items on the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills. Results show little agreement between statistical and subjective methods. Test developers should statistically support a reviewer's selection of biased items. (Author/CP)

A regression equation incorporating grade point average (GPA), calculus grade, and grades in two sections of the Pharmacy College Admission Test was significantly more useful than using GPA alone. A minimum sum of scores in three PCAT sections was most effective. Cross-validation with new samples was recommended. (Author/CP)

Factor analysis of the Hare Self-Esteem Scale yielded three separate factors. As expected, home self-esteem was significantly associated with social class; peer self-esteem, with recent family moves; and school self-esteem, significantly with test anxiety and reading and mathematics achievement. (Author/CP)

A multitrait-multimethod matrix was computed to compare the descriptions of 10 traits (leisure activities) obtained by using the Leisure Activities Questionnaire (LAQ) and the Paragraphs about Leisure (PAL). The two procedures revealed a high degree of convergent and discriminant validity for the two instruments. (Author/BW)