In attempting to define the "ecology" of human development, the term's history and connotations are discussed. The ecological approach requires that the person, the environment, and the relations between them be conceptualized in terms of systems, and subsystems within systems. The experimental situation is not limited to being…

Attitude toward reading is an important educational outcome and evaluative criteria due to its relationship to reading behavior and the refinement of reading skills. However, existing scales for assessing reading attitudes are invalid, are constrained by a ceiling effect, or are difficult to administer. A reading attitude assessment package was…

The research questions whether many tests used by employers for employee selection do discriminate inadvertantly. Because sub-groups or minority groups tend to be culturally disadvantaged, standardized tests have many shortcomings. When used as selection devices standardized tests may: (1) not provide reliable differentiation in the range of the…

The development and evaluation of prototype hands-on equipment, job sample performance tests for a high skilled technical Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) are described. An electronic maintenance MOS (26C20) was used as the research vehicle. The results led to the conclusion that valid and reliable performance tests could be constructed, but…

The Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS) was examined within a multimethod-multitrait framework over a three-year time period. Reliability and intercorrelation matrices are given based on 22 to 37 subjects that were tested and retested over the three-year interval. The TSCS was found to be reliable and to bear consistent and systematic…

In 1972 the Beaverton, Oregon, School District adopted a diagnostic-prescriptive instructional model as part of its teacher evaluation plan. To help teachers with the construction and analysis of diagnostic tests, the district made three data processing services available: (1) test item analysis, (2) test scoring and summarization, and (3) data…

This report presents the final scope, methods, and results of the evaluation of proficiency measures in occupational therapy. The intended purpose of the investigation was to evaluate and analyze the reliability and validity of measurements that are predictive of competence and proficiency at entry levels in occupational therapy. Each level of the…

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between psychological traits and voting behavior. Investigated is the thesis that psychological traits are useful concepts for political scientists as predictors of consistency in behavior. Contending that previous trait theory research has been generally unimpressive, the author…

In considering the development of language arts tests, a distinction can be made between statistical issues and ontological matters involving the objective existence and adequate characterization of the phenomenon being measured. Careful examination of standardized, norm-referenced tests and criterion-referenced tests in the areas of reading and…

Relatively few research studies on the determinants of academic achievement focus on the exchanges that take place within the classroom as a social system. This paper focused on such exchanges and on the research of Coleman (1966) and of Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968). (Author/RK)

Suggests that until some meaning of innate capacity is included, the word intelligence has little precision separate from its use in a social or cultural context. The culture that evolves its definition of intelligence will identify the tasks that fulfill that definition. (Author/AM)

Criticisms directed at the I-E Scale are: that it is too general and should be broken into components, that it is politically biased, that subjects respond to items on the scale on the basis of the perceived social desirability of the alternatives, and that predicted negative correlations between it, academic achievement and achievement motivation…

The predictive validity of the Graduate Record Examinations Aptitude Test, Verbal and Quantitative scores and undergraduate grade-point average were examined. Criterion variables consisted of graduate grade-point average, the Master's Comprehensive Examination scores and grades in individual required courses. Findings stress need for local…

Two multiple choice forms of two cloze reading tests were developed from responses to the cloze forms by college undergraduates. These tests were investigated using the original keys, empirical keys, and option weighted keys. Reliability and validity data are reported. (Author/JKS)

The empirical validity of Ertl's brain wave analyzer was investigated by the known contrasted groups method. Thirty-two academically talented and 16 academically handicapped were compared on four Primary Mental Abilities tests, two Sequential Tests of Educational Progress measures, and seven Brain Wave Analyzer measures. (Author/JKS)