Research investigating the development of sex-role identity in children from father-absent families was reviewed using Biller and Borstelmann's (1967) three-fold conceptualization of sex-role identity as sex-role orientation, sex-role preference, and sex-role adoption as an organizational framework. The review revealed that sex-role orientation…

Two samples of parents and one of teachers were interviewed to determine (1) what parents of early adolescents believe about adolescence as a developmental period and what they expect for their own adolescents' development; (2) junior high school teachers' beliefs about adolescent development; (3) evidence for the effects of personal experience…

This brochure is one of two publications designed to assist parents in guiding their preadolescents away from experimentation with alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs, while enhancing the parent-child relationship. It contains a broad overview of prevention. The book is divided into 10 sections. Each section provides suggestions and answers to a…

This booklet is one of two publications designed to assist parents in guiding their preadolescents away from experimentation with alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs, while enhancing the parent-child relationship. The book is divided into 10 steps: (1) talk with your child about alcohol; (2) learn to really listen to your child; (3) help your child…

This study was designed to answer the following three questions: (1) Are infants' first words always context-bound when they are initially acquired? (2) Do mothers use infants' first words in a context-bound manner when interacting with their infants? (3) What relationship, if any, exists between infants' initial use of early words and mothers'…

Stress and social networks have been proposed as important determinants of parenting. In addition, parental social networks have been thought to influence child outcomes directly. Few studies, however, have examined all three areas concurrently. In the present study, which focused on the associations between parenting and children's competence in…

How various types of repetition influence the development of memory for real-world events was investigated in a naturalistic case study of a 2-year-old's autobiographic memories as revealed in mother-child conversation recorded when the child was between 21 and 27 months of age. Two types of repetition were studied: repeated recall of the same…

In Glasgow, Scotland (September, 1954), children massed in a graveyard to hunt for a vampire with iron teeth said to have slain and eaten "two wee boys." This incident was linked to a campaign for stricter censorship of children's reading, especially so-called "horror comics." While evidence connecting the vampire hunt and…

A study examined parent-child differences in the Family Communication Patterns (FCP) model using the FCP's socio- and concept orientation measures extended to include measures of structure of control and involvement with the expectation that developmental differences in interpretation by parents and children will be demonstrated via differing…

Broad changes in social values, as well as the raising of achievement standards by parents and administrators, are pressuring teachers to change curriculum for young children, with the result that children are hurried and hothoused. Early childhood educators are particularly vulnerable to criticism of their work, and this reduces their ability to…

An investigation was made of the role of parents in children's acquisition of pragmatic language skills (in other words, their ability to use language appropriately in social contexts). A total of 49 middle class adults completed questionnaires; 9 were parents, 15 were teachers, 9 were both teachers and parents, and 16 were neither. The first part…

Student alcohol use is viewed as a major problem by college officials. To examine the frequency and consequences of college student alcohol use, 927 undergraduates completed a questionnaire which included demographic variables and items assessing the frequency and negative consequences of their drinking and the drinking behavior of their parents…

Theories and quantitative studies were reviewed to address the issue of what promotes adaptive behavior development in very young children. Attention is given to the interactionist theories of Robert R. Sears, Eric H. Erikson, David Elkind, and Burton White. Commonalities among theorists are delineated in terms of stages, child rearing practices,…

A total of 148 Finnish adolescents were interviewed about their hopes for the future. The content, extension, internality, and actualization levels of each hope were estimated from the adolescents' answers. Scores measuring the level of future planning and internality were calculated from questionnaires filled out by 138 of the mothers. Results…

Twenty-five families with at least one parent who was a survivor of Nazi persecution (SNP) or of a similar traumatic experience (long-term hiding or difficult ghetto life) and 20 controls were investigated to ascertain whether SNP children and adolescents manifested distorted behavior. (MC)