Differences between males and females have been documented for a number of behaviors. Among the environmental determinants of the development of behavioral sex differences is differential treatment of girls and boys by their parents and teachers. This paper reviews and comments on the research literature concerning differential socialization of…

Research supported by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH-11455).

Recent theory and research concerning sex roles have viewed masculinity and femininity as separate and independent dimensions of desirable human functioning, denoting dominant-instrumental and nurturant-expressive domains of behavior, respectively. Androgynous self-definitions may also provide greater adaptive advantages for members of both sexes.…

The effectiveness of special class placement was studied in 33 emotionally disturbed children (ages 8 to 19 years) attending an outpatient psychiatric clinic. It was found, among other things, that there was a positive relationship between success in a special class, and socioeconomic status, intactness of family, and absence of pychopathology in…

This paper considers home variables of parent-child interaction that affect young children's chances for school success. Data from a study of 1088 families who were assessed with the Home Environment Review (HER) are reviewed to emphasize the significance of parents' perceptions of their children and learning opportunities in the home prior to the…

There is increasing evidence that significant personality changes take place during adolescence and early adulthood. Among 10,000 high school seniors tested, the group intending to go to college differed in ability, socioeconomic background, parental encouragement, academic motivation and attitudes from those going on to jobs or homemaking.…

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between selected paternal child-rearing dimensions and the sex-role preferences of four-year-old nursery school children. The IT Scale for Children was used to assess the sex-role preferences of 50 boys and 50 girls and the Child-Rearing Family Practices Inventory was administered to their…

In this study, 33 teachers in infant and junior schools in England and 31 teachers in primary and secondary schools in West Germany, representing a cross-section of schools and geographic areas in the two countries, were interviewed to determine their attitudes toward the language of children in their schools and their estimates of reasons for…

Review of a case study of a 4-year-old girl who assumed the role of a retardate reveals that the girl probably suffered multiple congenital impairments of a minor character that affected the central nervous system and the structures governing social behavior and maturation. The stated basis for pseudo-retardation is the person's ability to…

There is question as to the relevance and effectiveness of education that American Indians receive via the present non-Indian American educational system. If the system is irrelevant and ineffective, ways must be tried to discover alternative plans, systems, and processes in Indian education. As part of the process of trying to discover…

This report answers questions that parents are likely to ask about preschool reading instruction. It discusses the origins, curriculum change, new concepts of intelligence and the various teaching methods such as Montessori and the British Infant School. Unlike previous generations, today's child is exposed to visual and auditory stimulation, and…

The major concern of this study was to investigate the reading interests of sixth grade pupils. A questionnaire was developed to determine the reading interests of the children. Comparisons were made between the expressed reading interests of the pupils and the content of five sixth basic readers. Some of the conclusions were: the interests of…

Data from a statewide probability sample of Louisiana high school seniors are used to assess causal effects of significant-other influence on aspirations. The results indicate that compared to other forms of significant-other influence, peer-modeling influence had the strongest effects on aspirations. (Author/DE)

Studies question whether there is a significant association between parents' dependency traits and drug habits in their offspring. Reported here is a survey of 1,091 young males. The reported occurrence of parents' alcohol consumption, smoking, use of stimulants and sedatives, and overeating were compared among abusers and non-users of hashish,…