Out-of-school time programs can provide valuable supports to the positive development of children and youth. These programs can help cultivate social and emotional skills, and further students' academic achievements. Furthermore, the safe environment provided by out-of-school time programs can offer children and youth, especially those living in…

Due to the increase in child sexual abuse allegations, it is essential to know possible predictors or risk factors to aid in prevention. This study examines the correlation between a mother who was sexually abused as a child and the increased risk of her children being sexually abused. The sample consisted of 60 child sexual abuse investigations…

This paper describes how parents and the school can work together to improve educational outcomes. It describes collaborative community-involvement strategies used at Gerard Elementary School in Cleburne, Texas. The school offers a meet-the-teacher day at the beginning of the school year, a parent-orientation night, and parent-school conferences.…

This year at least 2.4 million young Americans will use drugs. Ways in which parents and educators can prevent drug use in youth are presented here. Emphasis is placed on good beginnings. It is recommended that preschool children be taught rules for behavior, and that parents continually remind their children of the potential harm of drug use. In…

Findings of a study that examined parental reactions to the implementation of Minnesota's statewide open-enrollment program are presented in this paper. Data were derived from telephone interviews conducted with 162 parents at the end of the 1989-90 school year. A three-way multivariate research design with eight dependent variables was used to…

This booklet provides an overview of the main problems causing poor study habits and details possibilities for improvement. It also identifies roles that teachers, parents, and students must play in the study process. The booklet addresses specific concerns under the heading "Questions and Answers": Who Is Responsible for Developing Good Study…

Those who favor expansion of consumer choice in education claim that competition would force schools to improve. Critics claim that it would sort students by race and class. A competitive market will provide what consumers demand, yet neither side has empirical evidence on such consumer preferences to back up their claims. This paper offers such…

This study used a sample of 3- and 4-year-old children of female respondents from the 1986 National Longitudinal Surveys Youth Cohort to analyze the relationship between maternal labor supply and children's cognitive development. Respondents were 21 to 29 years old in 1986. Thus, the sample consisted of children of relatively young mothers.…

Findings of a study that examined the relationship of students' perceptions of parents' and teachers' involvement and autonomy support to student motivation are presented in this paper. Based on a larger process model of academic achievement (Ryan and Stiller 1991), students' perceptions of parent and teacher autonomy support and involvement were…

Parent enabling policies that have been initiated in five states are described in this report. In addition to the strong link between parental involvement and improvements in their children's educational performance, further evidence suggests that differences in child-rearing styles also affect child development and academic achievement. Policy…

Despite little empirical evidence, many psychotherapists believe that parental alcoholism inevitably results in codependence among alcoholics' offspring. The present study examines the hypothesis that intervening factors, such as abusive parenting, mediate the development of codependence. To test this premise, 247 undergraduates completed…

This study examined the factors that influence parents' provision of opportunity for their children. In particular, it focused on the roles of the sex of the parent and the child in the provision of opportunities in two sex-stereotyped domains, sports and music. Data were collected from about 500 mothers and 300 fathers of second, third, and fifth…

A total of 48 mother-infant pairs were observed and rated in face-to-face interaction when the infant was 4 months old, and in the Ainsworth Strange Situation when the infant was 12 months old. Mothers' marital satisfaction and social support, and the involvement and support of the child's father, were assessed. The mothers constituted a low…

This study examined infants' reactions to new people by manipulating the social context in which infants became acquainted with new people. Infants (N=48) met someone new in the presence of another unfamiliar adult and their mothers. The new acquaintance either: (1) chatted and worked on a puzzle with the mother; (2) remained silent and worked on…

This paper reviews the evidence for various biological mechanisms in autism and discusses implications of these mechanisms for treatment. A brief introductory discussion examines the history of research on autism. Then the literature is reviewed and treatment implications are drawn for the following biological mechanisms: genetic disorders;…