Examines the role of basic cognitive-processing efficiency as the source of developmental variance in cognitive performance. Two experimental tasks, memory and visual scanning, were used to investigate age effects on the search-processing parameter. Subjects were 9-, 11-, 13-, and 15-year-old children. (CM)

Mathematical learning disabilities (with emphasis on the learner characteristics and system inefficiencies) are discussed and two case studies illustrating commonalities which exist across ages are presented. (PHR)

Overt rehearsal and the presence of covert rehearsal in short-term motor memory of a retarded group (ages 13 to 21) and two nonretarded groups (mean ages 10.9 and 16) of students (N=100 in each group) was investigated. Results indicated that retarded persons did not engage in spontaneous covert rehearsal of motor information (while nonretarded…

A model of the structure of complex words based on an organization of the internal lexicon by shared-meaning content is proposed. Results of traditional linguistic experiments testing the hypothesis show that meaning content is a more salient basis for judgments of similarity and difference than is meaning structure. (PMJ)

This brief research note suggests that while further research on the topic is needed, it would appear that the current practice of teaching most academic material in the morning may be ill-founded. (KC)

Subjects between the ages of 50 and 86 years were given portions of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery, the Wechsler Memory Scale, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Younger subjects performed significantly better than older subjects on 10 of the 18 neuropsychological measures used. (Author/BEF)

The profiles of 40 educable mentally retarded (EMR) children (aged 6 to 8.5 years) on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities were examined to determine areas of strengths and weaknesses. (Author)

Constructive activity and effects of clarifying context in encoding and retrieval were investigated in a study of memory for mathematical proofs. Results are offered as support of a reconstructive cycle in which context initiates reconstruction; which is redirected or extended by schemata; which is guided by the context. (Author/RD)

Descriptions of cognitive development are determined by the metamodel on which theories and data are based. The associative and information processing approaches have generated much of the research on adult learning and memory. A contextual approach, emphasizing perceiving, comprehending, and remembering, is emerging in the present historical…

An experiment is discussed that tested a 1975 hypothesis of Aiken, Thomas, and Shennum that a "spaced lecture" might help solve the problem of the negative of concurrently listening and writing. Results indicated that the "spaced lecture" was no better than the traditional lecture. (MLW)

High state-anxious subjects solved fewer problems than middle or low state-anxious subjects under no memory-aid conditions, and all anxiety groups performed comparably with memory aids. High state-anxious subjects tended to use less focusing strategy when memory aids were unavailable. (Author/CP)

Use of the oral history technique in clinical medicine supplies significant additional data that illuminate the psychological, social, and spiritual background of healthy or ailing aging patients. Describes some practical applications of oral history techniques in clinical medical practice and discusses their usefulness for gerontological…

Counselors were equally attentive to the vocational concerns of female and male clients, but asked significantly more questions related to social concerns of a female client. Male and female counselors recalled fewer concerns of the female client. Female counselors remembered more client information than male counselors. (Author)

A training procedure to teach the discrimination of implication from asserted fact was developed and tested with adults in on experiment, and was revised and tested with adults and seventh- and ninth-grade students in another experiment. A marginal developmental trend of better discrimination with increasing age was found. (Author/GK)

This article discusses recent studies which have shown that the peptide hormone vasopressin apparently can stimulate memory and learning in healthy human volunteers and in certain mentally disturbed patients. (ECO)