Research on gender stereotypes has contrasted males with females, describing males by competency traits and females by traits which denote warmth or emotionality. However, it has become clear that these traits do not satisfactorily describe all members of either sex, since not all men possess only masculine characteristics and not all women…

Several studies have compared male and female college students on their attitudes about women, while other studies have assessed the attitudes of elementary and secondary school students and of adults. No studies were found in which measurements had been taken in one community over an extended period of time. To examine possible attitude changes…

Individuals may be stigmatized (discredited) if their attributes make them less than what is expected for the social categories into which they are placed. A tentative typology of situations can be developed, based on their potential for producing the stigmatization of old age. In daily situations that do not demand excessive physical or mental…

This paper analyzes role transitions in small groups within the context of a more general model of group socialization that is based on the psychological processes of evaluation, commitment, and decision making. The major advantage of such an approach is that it specifies why role transitions in small groups occur. According to the model, groups…

Many studies have hypothesized a developmental relationship between children's chronological and mental ages and their intrapersonal perceptions of internal and external control. To investigate longitudinal changes in children's locus of control, 97 elementary school children, between the ages of 8 and 13, were administered the Children's…

Although humor and laughter are most often based in fundamental social interactions, this element of communication has received little attention. To examine the socially facilitating effects of communication and social acceptance by analyzing children's intrapersonal perceptions of communication apprehension, or shyness, 169 children, aged 8 to 13…

Carl Jung's theory of type states that much seemingly chance variation in human behavior results, not from chance, but from basic differences in human functioning. This theory is divided into two major components: fundamental human attitudes (extroversion, introversion) and basic mental processes (sensation, intuition, thinking, feeling).…

The results of three projects concerned with auditory word recognition and the structure of the lexicon are reported in this paper. The first project described was designed to test experimentally several specific predictions derived from MACS, a simulation model of the Cohort Theory of word recognition. The second project description provides the…

Some research indicates that a number of children understand vision as an outreaching of the sense, and that they are the originator of the process (Eaton, Anderson, & Smith, 1983; Guesne, 1985). The children draw arrows or rays that point out of the eyes, sometimes returning to the head, and write that vision involves the eyes seeing or…

The present research was carried out in order to determine if, in fact, the performance of anxiety-prone individuals under stress could be improved by instructing them that they have personal control over a stressor. (Author)

Describes an investigation of social sensitivity in which 48 female preschoolers viewed eight filmed episodes of interpersonal behavior containing either congruous or incongruous stimulus features. Results are discussed mainly in terms of mental age differences. (SDH)

This study investigated the accuracy with which administrators describe the college environment as it appears to students. Student personnel administrators projected students as viewing the environment significantly higher in terms of "intellectual stimulation" and significantly lower in "bureaucracy" than students actually did. (Author)

Provides directions for construction of a working model of the eye and specifies some experiments using this model. (PEB)

Patterns of auditory response among aphasics are described and hypothized and retraining methods are enumerated. (CH)

Fifteen normal-speaking kindergarteners, 15 kindergarteners with defective r's, and 15 preschoolers sound identification task which included sounds the speech-defective Ss misarticulated and sounds they articulated correctly. (GW)