Examined the impact of sex differences between interviewers and subjects on responses to a sensitive subject area--sex-role orientation--in telephone interviews. In support of hypothesis that respondents would react to their perceptions of interviewers' empathy, found that women gave significantly less traditional responses when interviewed by…

Reports that beliefs about truth and anxiety over the Cold War period shaped the art of political cartoonists of the 1950s. (FL)

The effect of child maltreatment on children's social-cognitive development was examined by investigating abused, neglected, and nonmaltreated children's judgments regarding the permissibility of social-conventional and moral transgressions pertaining to physical harm, psychological distress, and the unfair distribution of resources. (Author/RH)

Surveyed 184 principals and 212 school counselors to assess their perceptions of the role of the middle and junior high school counselor. Results showed considerable similarity with individual counseling ranked first in importance by both groups. Consultation with teachers and parents and student assessment were also highly rated. (JAC)

Examined the specific and generalized effects of contractual agreements on a childhood recollection task (N=131). Results showed that students who signed a written contract complied significantly more to the specific aspects of the contracted task than did verbal agreement subjects and controls. (Author/LLL)

Most schools teach the triadic color system, utilizing red, blue, and yellow as primary colors. Other systems, such as additive and subtractive color systems, Munsell's Color Notation System, and the Hering Opponent Color Theory, can broaden children's concepts and free them to better choose color in their own work. (IS)

Many people erroneously believe that an object carried by another moving object will, if dropped, fall in a straight vertical line. This belief may stem from a perceptual illusion in which objects dropped from a moving carrier are perceived as falling straight down or even backward. (Author/RD)

This study directly compared the effects of a picture selection response with a rotational one. Eighty preschool children were compared on the response modes. Half the children indicated perspective inferences by selecting from a set of photographs while the others rotated a replica. Children were tested on three nonegocentric perspectives.…

Elementary school teachers and their supervisors were surveyed to determine their perceptions of supervisory tasks. (GW)

One issue that has concerned investigators in recent years has been alcoholics' perception of their ability to control events that affect them. The current study investigated the relationship of locus of control scores to dropping out of treatment at various stages. Results are discussed. (Author)

Attempts to identify some of the more important concepts which "educated" Papua New Guineans used to describe the relationship between themselves and "uneducated" people. Explores the possible source of the attitudes being investigated. (Author/RK)

The relationship between vision and mental functioning was investigated in a study of 295 elderly residents from three levels of care. Visual acuity and mental status were assessed. Findings indicate that there was indeed a relationship between vision and mental status. (Author)

Videotaped excerpts of actual counseling interviews were rated using criteria of empathy, unconditional positive regard, congruence, depth of self-exploration, and counselor effectiveness. Analysis-of-variance techniques indicated no significant differences among ratings of counselors, counselor educators, and graduate students; there were…

Results indicate that respondents holding medical images of deviance are less likely than those holding moralistic images to impute personal responsibility, stigma, and noncurability to the alcoholic and addict. (Author/AM)

This paper reviewed briefly the major types of masking effects obtained with various methods and the major theories or models that have been proposed to account for these effects, and outlined a three-mechanism model of visual pattern masking based on psychophysical and neurophysiological properties of the visual system. (Author/RK)