According to a survey of superintendents, school board members are often unable to separate their own policymaking function from the administrative function to the superintendent. (WM)

A social power framework is utilized to locate those variables that influence adolescent perceptions of power in the parental unit. The variables are categorized as parental resources, family resources, family size, adolescents' religiosity, and adolescent demographic factors. A major focus of the study is to test the viability of resource theory…

One of many aspects of the linguistic centrality of the spoken word is the "acoustic trigger" to conceptualization, the most significant primal trigger in human beings, which when activated results in contrast and comparison leading to symbolic conceptualization. The oral/aural mode, or vocal production and acoustic perception, is developmentally…

This study attempts to answer the following question: Do males and females differ in their reporting behavior to interviewers of contrasting status backgrounds, specifically psychiatric physicians and lay interviewers? Subjects were 200 adults. A 263-item instrument was utilized to measure functional psychological disorder. Interviews took place…

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of positive and negative reinforcements upon black college students. In the first experiment subjects received either positive or negative reinforcement from a black or a white evaluator. Results indicated that behavioral change (compliance) was greater in response to negative reinforcement…

Is it possible that what is perceived as self-assertion in a man is perceived as aggression in a woman? These studies investigate whether (a) consciously feminist women place a greater than average importance on the value of equality and whether (b) women's approval for self-assertion in themselves and others interacts with their feminist…

This study examines the differences between staff personnel and adjudicated delinquents at an Ohio Youth Commission (OYC) facility on the Continuum of Criminal Offenses instrument, Juvenile Version (CCOJV). The CCOJV (Klein, 1975) measures perceptions of seriousness of criminal offenses and how raters would handle offenders. Subjects were high…

Groups of subjects were placed in a room in which their personal space was violated or not violated. Some subjects were told that subliminal noise would be played into the room and that noise would either arouse or relax them. (Actually there was no noise.) Other subjects were told nothing about subliminal noise. The subjects worked on a number of…

The study reported in this paper traces the nature of the changes which take place as the child gradually acquires perspective-taking skills. The results indicate that at first the young child can correctly represent only the location of the object nearest another observer; later, he can correctly represent a before-behind relationship between…

This study examined the effects of using either object-form or paper/pencil versions of reading-readiness tests on the test scores of kindergarten children from low, middle, and high socioeconomic strata. Of 453 kindergarten students that were classified into the three socioeconomic strata, 35 boys and 35 girls were randomly selected from each…

Assertive training is a set of procedures that the counselor can use to help clients, in particular women, to achieve a greater sense of freedom and personal satisfaction in a wide variety of life situations. Especially in the world of work, the occupational behavior of women is often hampered not only by existing structural barriers but also by…

Two hundred college students participated in a comparison of film and videotape television content. After viewing a three-minute dance segment on either film or videotape, students in the experimental groups completed a set of 15 bipolar adjective scales relating to organizational and aesthetic components and made judgments of the technical…

This bibliography lists books and articles discussing graphic aspects of human communication. References have been selected for their relevance to the design of self-instructional texts for the adult learner; for the most part, research on younger children, on non-text media, and on non-educational texts is not included. Items are organized into…

The purpose of this research was to compare career-oriented and homemaking-oriented college women, who showed the motivational pattern previously found to be associated with their respective orientations, on the variables of parental attitudes (father and mother acceptance, concentration, and avoidance) and parent identification (father or…

The central purpose of this study was to isolate the aspects of interaction which need to be analyzed in comparing open and closed plan schools. (Editor)