Considerable attention in recent years has focused on the consequences of social comparisons and has suggested that learning that one's outcomes or abilities compare unfavorably to others' is an unpleasant, if not painful experience. Indeed, upward comparisons have been shown to result in negative affect, loss of self-esteem, stress symptoms, and…

This quantitative study of imagery in 96 undergraduates addresses the problem of individual differences in the characteristics of mental imagery workspaces. A 20-item questionnaire embodying nine characteristics of mental imagery workspaces was administered to 78 females and 18 males. Analysis of variance by gender disclosed significant higher…

Little is known about the implications of individual differences in privacy preferences. To explore the relationship between privacy preferences and the style and quality of social interaction in a first encounter, 77 of 320 college students completing the Privacy Preference Scale were grouped according to their low (20 male, 20 female) or high…

Research has suggested that memory performance may be related to the extent of stimulus processing during acquisition. To examine processing efficiency and processing deficiency differences between younger and older adults, four studies were conducted. In the first study, young and old adults rated word lists, manipulated for generation specific…

The study was conducted to determine differences in the authoritarianism dimensions of men and women and between individuals of above average and superior intelligence. The males scored significantly higher on three dimensions. Individuals of above average intelligence scored significantly higher than those of superior intelligence on three…

Explores the perceptions that secular faculty have of clergy as students, using semantic differential technique to compare the differences in faculty perceptions of "typical clergy,""typical non-clergy," and "ideal" counseling students. (Author)

One cause of marriage difficulty is the unconsciously motivated selection of an incompatible mate through the process of a counterphobic mechanism. Definition of counterphobia is given, along with brief examples and comments. (EK)

Offers the Trait Treatment Interaction model as a means through which instructional decision makers can collect and evaluate data on the effectiveness of alternative forms of reading instructions for individuals of differing aptitudes. (RB)

In experiments on individual differences in learning, knowledge prerequisites and learning strategies have been shown to be important factors. The author questions whether learning optimization should rely on direct measures from outside the learner or should elucidate and strengthen the individual's capacity for learning decisions. He proposes to…

This investigation was designed to provide information about two issues: the nature of internal-external differences in self-reinforcement behavior and the source of those differences. (Author/RK)

A look at themselves and their classmates can give students a new view of all people. (Editor)

Investigated the relationship between psychometrically defined brightness and cognitive development within Piaget's stage theory. Subjects were fifth- and seventh-grade boys. (SDH)