Four experiments investigated the role of geometric path type in infants' ability to make spatial inferences about the location of a hidden object after the infants had been moved. In all but the fourth experiment, infants were able to retrieve the objects unless objects were located behind the infants. (SKC)

Discussion of the roles of the instructional design specialist (IDS) and the subject matter expert (SME) in designing effective instruction for a training program focuses on the role of the SME. Characteristics of four consulting models are described, and stages of the SME/IDS relationship are summarized. (LRW)

Discusses evaluation models based on the "Kernal of Truth Theory" or Metaperceptual Congruence Methodology. Relates this model to the decision-making process and to the development of ethnic stereotypes. (RB)

The effects of unilateral and bilateral ear occlusion on auditory discrimination in background noise was tested among 36 adults with auditory figure-ground disorders and normal auditory discrimination ability. Results indicated that unilateral occlusion effectively eliminated the figure-ground disorder in most subjects. (Author/DB)

Studies children's inductive inferences in order to investigate the development of the expectation that members of a category share unforeseen properties. Results indicate that preschoolers drew more inferences based on category membership than on perceptual appearances. (PCB)

The effects of reduced auditory feedback on spatial and temporal parameters of speech production were investigated using cinefluorographic techniques with three normal hearing women. Results suggested that auditory information plays a role in maintaining dynamic aspects of speech kinematics. Implications for hearing impaired speakers are noted.…

Performance on a dichotic word task was examined with 15 articulatory-impaired children and 15 non-articulatory-impaired children (all between 5 and 9 years old). Results of presenting words under three conditions (free recall, directed right, and directed left) found no significant differences between groups on ear preference. (Author/DB)

When 96 mothers and 46 fathers of 6- or 13-month-old infants independently generated behavioral cues they believed contributed to their perception of their infant's recent easiness/difficultness, few systematic differences were found between easy and difficult infants, 6- and 13-month-olds, males and females, and firstborn and later-born.…

Groups of 17-, 23-, and 29-week-olds were habituated to slides of women posing facial expressions varying display of teeth affect; subjects were then shown slides of women posing the familiarized expressions plus a toothy smiling expression. In a second experiment older subjects also proved to be insensitive to affect-related aspects of still…

The emerging role of mentally retarded persons as contributors is considered through a review of research on (1) their contributions in the family, (2) their contributions in the school, (3) their contributions in the community, and (4) their contributions to society. (DB)

Speculates on potential importance of pure research. States that before recent synthesis of findings in areas of paleontology, historical geology, and astronomy, it was not obvious that research in any of these areas--particularly the extinction of the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago--would ever have the slightest bearing on the question of…

Summarizes the perceptions and behaviors regarding environmental issues of five discrete and separate groups. Findings indicate that interest in an issue was related to higher perceived levels of information, perceived importance, a more internal individual and group locus of control, and higher levels of reported citizenship action. (ML)

Two studies were conducted to define reactions to gender-biased language empirically. Results indicated generic phrasings were perceived as somewhat biased and sexist, designation and evaluation stereotyping was perceived as extremely biased and sexist, and neutral alternatives were judged appropriately nonsexist. Findings suggest authors conform…

Among children four to six years of age who were tested for their detection of melodic transformations, performance was superior for transformations that changed contour, for greater changes in contour, and for faster presentation rates. Melodies transformed by reordering tones were as discriminable as those transformed by inserting novel…

Describes the therapeutic use of reframing as being fundamental to strategic therapy and considers the need for an adequate conceptual scheme for understanding the critical elements of effective reframing. Background for concepts of frame and reframing are provided, along with clinical examples. Contributions and limitations of radical…