Investigates the effects of recall vs. reinspection on accuracy in performance on reading comprehension tests; whether factual or inferential questions influence the relative effectiveness of recall versus reinspection; and whether low ability readers gain more from reinspection than better readers. Recommends letting children reinspect text to…

Results suggest that gender schematization exerts an important influence in early sex-role development and illustrate the utility of a gender schematic approach to early sex-typing phenomena. (RH)

Two experiments examine the sorts of cues that might be available to facilitate children's ability to discriminate between memories for their own actions. Results suggest that the differences in discrimination performance demonstrate the importance of kinesthetic cues and visible consequences for children's memory discrimination. (Author/RWB)

Investigates the availability of surface representations for the interpretation of verb-phrase ellipsis. Results show that an elliptical verb phrase is most easily interpreted if its antecedent is in the immediately preceding sentence and that this can not be explained in terms of the unnaturalness of the passages with distant antecedents. (MM)

Noting the use of mental pictures to aid students' learning--the keyword method--is effective for both good and poor readers, describes specific methods, provides research to support their use, and presents classroom applications that lead from teacher instruction to students' independent learning. (NH)

Examines the relation between attention to target and context information and target recall in an incidental learning task for children and adults. Results support a distinction between context-interactive and context-independent situations and suggest that the attentional patterns that are efficient for memory may differ with the kind of…

Study looks at pigtailed macaque in the context of visual recognition problems adapted from a standardized test developed for use with human infants. Results demonstrate that the low-risk group easily differentiated novel from previously seen targets; the high-risk group gave no evidence of recognition. (Author/RWB)

The purpose of this study was to test a specific hypothesis with regard to how cloze retrieval takes place once semantic constraints are recognized. Results from human subjects and computer simulation suggested that increase in latency between the two- and three-semantic-constraint conditions was not artifactual. (JAZ)

Transformational mnemonic strategies have been effectively used to enhance associative and serial list learning of borderline subjects classified as mentally retarded. Recent applications have involved concrete and abstract native-language vocabulary, numbered or ordered information, and digit span recall. (CB)

Investigated the relationship between developmental shifts in the organization of materials and developmental changes in deliberate strategy use. Subjects were second and fourth graders. (HOD)

Presents findings of a study of scientists on the Wason four-card selection task, finding little understanding of the effect of disconfirmatory data in assessing conditionals. Found performance influenced by problem content. Explains performance as memory-cueing plus reasoning-by-analogy. (JM)

Interrelationships among metamemory, intelligence, attributional beliefs, self-concept, and strategy use were investigated in 102 German and 91 American children. Some were trained to use a cluster-rehearsal strategy on a Sort Recall task. Post-training assessments tested maintenance, near-transfer, and task-related metamemorial knowledge.…

Discusses two studies in Italian which (1) used texts that varied along a number of stylistic dimensions and (2) tested the generalizability of the recent research which suggests that recognition memory for verbatim material depends in part on the role played by a given form in the discourse as a whole. (NKA)

Tests 64 deaf students from oral and total communication settings to examine whether a deficiency in spontaneous strategy use accounts for their verbal short-term memory performance. Spontaneous rehearsal of both deaf samples seemed to emerge later than the hearing sample's and was inefficiently implemented and less effective in mediating recall…

Investigates the extent to which learning disabled readers' atypical encoding relates to their deficiencies in semantic memory by comparing learning disabled and nondisabled readers in two age groups on dichotic listening tasks that included orienting and nonorienting instructions. (HOD)