The literature dealing with the identification process in beginning reading is surveyed. The first major section presents a review of the basal, Language Experience Approach, Phonic Word Method, linguistic, and i/t/a programs. Questions are raised about the empirical investigation of the subject matter and the instructional procedures used in…

This study assessed the relative degree of association between quality of army life and perceived attributes of different types of leaders. Interviews with one hundred thirty lower ranking enlisted personnel provided information about soldiers' satisfaction with various facets of military experience and their perceptions of the behavior of…

This paper describes an evaluation study of the use of paraprofessional personnel in school districts in general, and at Parma (Ohio) Schaaf Junior High School in particular. The members of the evaluation team included representative teachers from the school system led by a university coordinator. They describe problems and promising practices in…

Students' interests are assessed in human geography and in the man-land orientation (how people have adjusted and adapted their environment). The major problems investigated are to determine which areas of human geography are of most interest to upper elementary students, and to assess the perceptions of these students regarding the best place to…

This report is part of a general study of Reference Measures for Cognitive and Noncognitive Factors. The main activity being reported is the development of "factor-referenced" or "marker" tests for several recently identified cognitive factors. A secondary activity involves the study of possible relationships to factors already…

The purpose of this research study was to compare two kinds of perceptual training for kindergarteners. A control group was grouped for instruction in visual or auditory perception. The children whose weaker modality was auditory received an "Open Court" program which stressed the acquisition of phonetic skills. The Frostig-Horne program was given…

A Committee on Evaluation of Employment and Training Programs was established by the National Academy of Sciences to assess the impact of the passage of the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA), which created a shift of control of manpower programs from Federal to State and local officials. At the first committee meeting a panel of…

The purposes of this paper are: to identify specifically the criticisms of school counseling; to analyze what accounts for these criticisms; to indicate how school counseling should and is responding to its critics; and to look at where school counseling is headed. Through a review and analysis of the conceptual and empirical literature dealing…

In recent years, television has received increasing criticism for its portrayal of the female as the passive mother, homemaker, or secretary. Recent content analysis studies of North American television broadcasting support the assertion that women have been stereotyped as second class citizens in a man's world; seldom are they presented as…

The Porter Need Satisfaction Questionnaire (PNSQ) is a 13-item questionnaire designed to measure a respondent's need satisfaction in five areas: Security, Social, Esteem, Autonomy, and Self-Actualization. In this study, the internal structure of the PNSQ is reexamined using a large multiorganizational sample of 2,049 middle and upper level…

The guide for teachers of deaf blind children deals with visual functioning, evaluation, and instruction. An overview of the fundamentals of visual functioning in deaf blind children includes concepts basic to an understanding of the process. Assessment and evaluation of the child's visual functioning is discussed, and procedures for determining…

In this paper, the structure and the use of language are postulated as socializing agents influencing sex-role learning in three major ways: (1) sex differences occur in language use and parallel sex-role stereotypes; (2) the language that is addressed to children is usually the language of socialization which instructs the child what to do,…

It has been difficult to recruit and retain active Girls Service Organization (GSO) members who serve as official hostesses for all Armed Services YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) programs and activities in El Paso, Texas (a bicultural setting). This study tested the hypothesis that the perceptions of institutional pressures by the two…

Presented is a guide designed to provide information on 27 perceptual-motor and psychomotor tests and scales for use with handicapped children so that valid and informed decisions can be made in selecting test instruments for prescriptive and diagnostic purposes. The guide is comprised of one section on motor ability, perceptual-motor development,…

This paper reviews nine studies which report conflicting results in assessing the relationship between children's role-taking ability and communication skills. The studies included satisfy three criteria: (1) role-taking and communication efficiency are measured independently; (2) tasks used to measure the two skills are significantly different in…