In a study to assess young children's social interaction with peers, six male toddlers who were the only participants in a playgroup were observed in two situations: (1) a GROUP situation in which at least four of the boys were present and (2) a DYAD situation in which only two boys were present. Both types of observations were made at 16, 19, and…

In three immediately succeeding trials, 45 young adults named 50 pictures of objects as rapidly as possible; word retrieval latencies were measured for each item. Before each trial, one experimental group was given information as to the word frequency (WF) level of the items' names. The other experimental group was given information as to the…

In this speech, the president of the National Education Association presents a series of arguments against the development of national educational standards and against the continued use of national, norm-referenced, standardized tests. Eight objections to the use of such tests are noted. Defense of the teaching profession's objections to the…

This paper summarizes the research on learning style based on responses to the Learning Style Inventory by 1,836 students in grades 1 through 12. Reliability analyses are included for each sub-scale for males and females based on factors determined by factor and content analysis. The intercorrelations are included for males and females within…

This study examines the relationship between IQ and yearly academic growth rate in reading and mathematics for low income children in the primary grades involved in the Direct Instruction Follow Through program (DIFT). Low income children, from 20 communities in the United States, who engaged in the DIFT program between 1969 and 1977 for either 3…

An examination of any school curriculum would reveal the existence of "basic" subjects such as reading, writing, and computation. Therefore a "return to basics" is not needed but rather a change in methodology in teaching these subjects. The following methodological changes are suggested: (1) Test each child to ascertain the level of achievement…

Focusing on the acquisition of semantic features and the relation between semantic and perceptual features, this study further tests the "semantic feature hypothesis," where a child acquires full adult word meaning component by component, and its complementary "correlation hypothesis," which claims that the source of these semantic features lies…

MATRIX GAMES IS A MODIFIED PROGRAMED-INSTRUCTION APPROACH TO TEACHING AND DEVELOPING LANGUAGE SKILLS. IN THIS STUDY, A BOARD DISPLAYING 16 PICTURES IN A 4 X 4 MATRIX WAS PLACED IN FRONT OF SEVERAL 4- OR 5-YEAR-OLDS. THE PICTURES COMPOSING A ROW CONTAINED A COMMON ITEM, FOR EXAMPLE, A BOY. THE PICTURES OF A COLUMN ALSO CONTAINED A COMMON ITEM, FOR…

EXPERIMENTAL FLIGHT TRAINING WAS CONDUCTED IN CONJUNCTION WITH A COMMERCIAL MODEL GROUND TRAINER TO DETERMINE ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN CONTRIBUTING TO THE PROFICIENCY LEVEL USUALLY OBTAINED BY STUDENTS UNDERGOING A RIGIDLY CONTROLLED FLIGHT SYLLABUS WITHOUT USE OF SYNTHETIC TRAINING DEVICES. DIFFERENTIAL LEVELS OF TRAINING WITH THE GROUND TRAINERS…

IN THIS SUMMARY OF 22 RESEARCH REPORTS, THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF CRITERION INSTRUMENTS TO ASSESS THE TECHNICAL PROFICIENCY OF U.S. NAVY AERONAUTICAL SUPPORT PERSONNEL ARE DISCUSSED. THE STUDIES, SUMMARIZED IN TERMS OF THE CHRONOLOGICAL AND LOGICAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS INVOLVED, DEAL WITH PRELIMINARY AND FINAL FORMS OF TECHNICAL BEHAVIOR…

TWO EXPERIMENTS WERE DESIGNED TO MEASURE INTERACTION EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN COLLEGE STUDENTS (MEASURED BY ATTITUDE, INTEREST, AND ABILITY TESTS), AND PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION VARIABLES (RESPONSE MODE, FEEDBACK, AND PREFERENCE FOR RESPONSE MODE). IN EXPERIMENT I, SUBJECTS NUMBERED OVER 350 COLLEGE FRESHMEN ENROLLED IN TWO SECTIONS OF…

THE ASSUMPTIONS OF THIS REVIEW OF STUDIES WHICH EVALUATE TEACHER STYLE AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR AS IT RELATES TO PUPIL ACHIEVEMENT ARE (1) A PUPIL'S LEARNING IS A FUNCTION OF THE INSTRUCTION HE RECEIVES, (2) TEACHERS ARE DIFFERENTIALLY SUITED TO CERTAIN GROUPS, AND (3) DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN NEED TEACHERS WITH SPECIAL TRAINING. IT IS NOTED THAT, IN…

AN ATTEMPT WAS MADE TO IDENTIFY SOME OF THE PERSONAL AND SOCIAL VARIABLES DIFFERENTIATING CHILDREN WHO ARE HIGH IN CURIOSITY FROM THOSE WHO ARE LOW. THREE MAJOR QUESTIONS WERE EXAMINED WHICH LED TO THE FORMULATION OF 18 HYPOTHESES. THE QUESTIONS WERE--(1) DO CHILDREN OF HIGH CURIOSITY DIFFER FROM CHILDREN OF LOW CURIOSITY IN SELF-ADJUSTMENT AND…

A selective review of literature related to individual differences and instructional strategies is presented. The major purpose is to give the reader a flavor of the kind of thought that is currently prevalent and the type of research that is being conducted in selected areas. No attempt is made to provide either a comprehensive or a balanced…

In a speech on minimum competency testing, the author discusses four issues which are still unresolved. The first is the need to recognize the political overtones which gave impetus to the competency movement as a reaction against the perceived failures of the schools and teacher education institutions, rather than as a concern for student…