The concepts in a hierarchically structured list consisting of 24 number-word pairs were aligned systematically with position and numbers, or with the number stimuli only. Some lists involved an alignment appropriate to only the lowest conceptual level. Other lists were completely unstructured when viewed in terms of either position or number. The…

Sixteen (16) male and sixteen (16) female fourth graders from disadvantaged backgrounds and from advantaged backgrounds were given the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT), followed by a paired-associates task and a discrimination learning task. Results showed socioeconomic status…

Previous research has indicated that for discretely (paired associate) as well as continuously (sound-film) presented information, high arousal during acquisition results in poor immediate recall, but is characterized by a strong reminiscence effect. Low arousal learning results in better immediate recall with poor retention. The hypothesis that…

Subjects at three age levels were administered picture pair or word pair discrimination lists. They pronounced or pointed as a method of choice, and they pronounced or pointed at the correct item (or remained silent) during rehearsal. The results indicated that with picture pairs, pronunciation facilitated learning as a method of choice and a type…

Two views of paired-associate learning were examined by assessing the paired-associate learning efficiency of eighth grade samples identified by digit span and IQ test performance as Jensen-type Level I and Level II learners. Eighty eighth grade students ranging in age from 13 years 3 months to 14 years 10 months were selected as subjects. Three…

This collection of papers represents the proceedings of a research workshop on coding processes in human memory held in Massachusetts in August, 1971. The emphasis is on the contemporary issue of coding and particularly on the encoding processes at the time information is stored in memory. This volume is intended for use by research workers and…

Twenty learning disabled (LD) students (9-12 years) with normal verbal IQs performed better on elaborated paired associate learning tasks than 20 LD Ss (10-12 years) with lower verbal IQs. (CL)

The differential effects of studying for recall and recognition tests were studied by means of a transfer experiment. The 48 subjects learned three lists of paired associates with either all recall tests or all recognition tests and then were transferred to a fourth list with either the same test or the other test. (Editor)

This study investigated the effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) on hyperactive children's performance on a paired-associate learning task under 3 presentation rates. (Author/JMB)

Retrieval dynamics in recognition memory for paired-associates learned by rote repetition or visual imagery mnemonics are studied with Reed's response signal method. The use of visual imagery resulted in higher asymptotic accuracy as expected, but somewhat slower retrieval dynamics initially. (Author/RM)

In a combined verbal and motor paired-associate task, children in kindergarten, second grade, and fourth grade learned nonsense names and spatial responses for three random shapes. Results showed evidence for mediation at all three age levels and increased mediational effects with age. (Author/JMB)

The evidence from studies of component selection in paired-associate learning is reviewed and then considered in relation to Martin's (1968) hypothesis of encoding variability and Rudy's (1974) model of variations in the associative process. Component-selection tasks are also compared to verbal concept-formation tasks. (Editor)

Tests two theoretical accounts of imagery on paired-associate learning. These two theories, differentiation theory and mediation theory, have been proposed to account for the finding that stimilus imagery/concreteness is an important variable in paired-associate learning. (Author/RK)

Ninety six second graders each had three study/test trials with picture/picture or picture/word associates. Article investigated their responses. (Author/RK)

The study examined the performance of 72 intellectually average children in primary grades and 72 educable mentally retarded adolescents (mean mental age 8 years) on target subsets of work pairs when employed in mixed lists. (Author/MC)