Motivation plays a crucial role in mathematical competence, with motivated students tending to perform better than those who lack motivation. Given that teachers can play a significant role in fostering student motivation, the aim of this study was to investigate teachers' influence on students' motivation to learn mathematics. Alongside the…

Purpose: Graphotactic regularities are statistical regularities governing orthographic systems that children are sensitive to from the start of their literacy learning. The current study observed changes in children's sensitivity to a set of graphotactic patterns across different grades in elementary school and measured the contribution of skills…

New York City Public Schools' Computer Science for All (CS4All) initiative set out to ensure that every student receives at least one meaningful, high-quality computer science (CS) experience within each grade band (K-2, 3-5, 6-8, and 9-12). As described in previous work, the percentage of schools offering some form of CS tripled from 15 percent…

Understanding students' mathematics mindset is valuable for fostering academic perseverance and promoting STEM engagement. This study investigates students' mathematics mindset from 5th to 12th grade and explores the influence of outside-of-school factors on their mindset development. Drawing on the framework of growth mindset, the research…

We examined how often teachers' targeted interventions fail in stopping bullying and to what extent this varies between schools vs. between students involved. In addition, we investigated which student-level factors were associated with intervention failure. Data were collected annually in 2011-2016 via online questionnaires and included responses…

Although behavioral threat assessment and management (often shortened to "threat assessment") has become widely used in US schools, no studies have systematically examined how frequently schools conduct threat assessments and how threat assessment rates vary as a function of student and school demographics. Of particular concern is that…

This study explored private school principals' career outlooks because of their critical role in shaping academic environments essential for student success. Principals face multiple challenges that can affect career decisions. Employing an electronic survey, this quantitative study included 65 current private school principals, collecting data…

In education, assessment helps shape teaching practices and student outcomes, as it influences how teachers perceive their roles, approach instruction, and engage with students. This study investigated 3rd-8th grade English Language Arts and mathematics teachers' conceptions of the NWEA MAP Growth assessment, focusing on four key factors: (1)…

This Data Appendix provides the data behind the Fact Sheet, "California's K-12 Test Scores."

Educators must balance the needs of students who start the school year behind grade level with their obligation to teach grade-appropriate content to all students. Educational software could help educators strike this balance by targeting content to students' differing levels of mastery. Using a regression discontinuity design and detailed…

Student absenteeism, which skyrocketed during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, has negative consequences for student engagement and achievement. This study examines the impact of the High-Impact Tutoring (HIT) Initiative, implemented by the Office of the State Superintendent of Education in Washington DC, on reducing absenteeism. The HIT…

The COVID-19 pandemic and related school closures led to unprecedented academic setbacks for all American students. In this third State of the American Student report, attention is turned to how the pandemic impacted--and continues to impact--special or unique populations of students, such as those with learning differences, English language…

Educators continue to examine how to increase Black student representation in STEM fields in higher education and there are increased calls to implement collaborative learning in STEM classrooms. However, current implementations do not discuss how collaborative learning can be culturally relevant for Black STEM students, and STEM environments have…

The purpose of this study was to investigate if differences in perceived professional self-efficacy were due to various demographic characteristics for educators in a rural East Texas school district. Participants in this study were full-time teachers within the school district. The district consists of 2 elementary schools, 1 middle school, and 1…

There are many things new teachers must learn during their first year in order to effectively teach their students. The struggle during this first year causes many new teachers to become frustrated by a seemingly unmanageable workload, feelings that they are not getting the support they need, and feelings of failure that might cause them to…