It has been largely argued that intrinsic motivation is the best and most effective in sustaining language learning. Deci and Flaste (1996) posit that motivation must come from within. While this might be possible and effective in contexts where learners have a personal interest in learning a language, it is not always the case for those learning…

This study aimed to explore 1) Thai learners' selections of single-word and multi-word units in English language production, and 2) the reasons for their selections of single-word and multi-word units. The participants in this study comprised 202 undergraduate students. Three research instruments were used in this study: a comprehension test, a…

This mixed-methods case study investigates learner engagement during pair work, focusing on four key aspects--behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and social engagement--and how these relate to task performance. The study included 60 university students (34 females, 26 males) learning English as a second language, who collaborated in pairs on a…

Studying modern languages has been part of Australian tertiary education from close to its beginning. This study, which uses an online content analysis approach, analyses current units of study in each Australian public university teaching modern languages. Set in the context of the origin and development of this field, together with contemporary…

Online learning programs provide real time feedback and offer some degree of access to "real" oral communication, yet these platforms, for the most part, involve using the software in isolation. Though Rosetta Stone is designed for independent learning, the present study experiments with a model for implementing it as a collaborative…

Recent developments in Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) technologies have had significant implications for English language education worldwide, opening up new opportunities and challenges. Both researchers and practitioners are increasingly exploring the necessary capabilities that English language learners should possess in relation to…

Recent investigations in automated essay scoring research imply that hybrid models, which combine feature engineering and the powerful tools of deep neural networks (DNNs), reach state-of-the-art performance. However, most of these findings are from holistic scoring tasks. In the present study, we use a total of four prompts from two different…

Background: English second language (ESL) and English foreign language (EFL) vocabulary learning play a vital role in success in higher education. However, traditional vocabulary learning methods can be time-consuming, demotivating, and ineffective. Recent technological developments offer engaging and immersive methods for vocabulary learning,…

This study aims to deductively-inductively derive the conceptual and measurement models of teacher-researcher autonomy among Chinese university teachers teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) using an exploratory sequential mixed methods design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Chinese EFL teachers at university level,…

Language policies in a number of multilingual post/neocolonial contexts continue to be informed by monolingual ideologies that support English-only policy in education, while translanguaging practices continue to witness stigmatization at the hands of stakeholders. These dominant ideologies act as a barrier to achieving inclusive and quality…

This paper (re)imagines Melbourne, Australia as the "linguistic landscape" (LL), setting the background for examining everyday multilingualism in a schooling context characterised by superdiversity to advance the concept of "languaging the schoolscape." LL is mobilised and extended in this study to examine multilingual…

Language output has its role in second language learning and is seen as a source of L2 learning. It is used by the L2 learners as a cognitive tool to mediate their thinking and talking, hence, mediates L2 learning and development. English acts as the second language for most of the population in Malaysia and a compulsory subject learned in school.…

Educational policies, encompassing directives and memoranda, have been established with the intent to influence teaching and learning practices. Despite this, researchers have identified a significant scarcity of such policies, particularly those that support cultural education. The lack of culturally relevant educational frameworks may pose…

This article highlights research collected during a year-long critical participatory ethnographic study at a primary school in Trinidad and Tobago. The study presents the experiences of two teacher collaborators who engage in the processes of problem identification, design and implementation of a language-friendly plan, reflective practice and…

This article offers a rigorous and forward-looking examination of contemporary research directions and transformative trends within the fields of TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) and TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language). Positioned at the intersection of rapidly evolving technologies, innovative pedagogies, and…