Objective: Learning unfolds in distinct stages--acquisition, consolidation, and maintenance--shaped by cognitive mechanisms such as saliency processing, interference control, and sustained attention. ADHD in adults is associated with deficits in these cognitive processes, which in turn might lead to learning difficulties. Method: Using a novel…

Contextual shifts are crucial for episodic memory, setting event boundaries during event segmentation. While lab research provides insights, it often lacks the complexity of real-world experiences. We addressed this gap by examining perceptual and conceptual boundaries using virtual reality (VR). Participants acted as salespeople, interacting with…

When people are working on creative tasks, they make progress in conscious thought (CT) and unconscious thought (UT) processes. UT occurs outside conscious awareness, and unlike CT, it is independent of working memory resources. Previous studies suggest UT is more influential under certain conditions, known as the UT effect. Typically, these…

The aim of the present paper is to explore students' perceptions of MOOCs in relation to their learning strategies. Drawing upon cognitive appraisal theory and learning strategies framework, the study examines the perception of MOOCs as threats or challenges and assesses students' learning approaches through the prism of deep and surface learning…

Community of Inquiry--a theoretical framework that consists of three interrelated elements: teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence--has been used widely in online and blended learning as an instructional design model to create and sustain conditions that facilitate meaningful learning in a learning community. Teaching presence…

Whether open-mindedness (OM) counts as an admirable epistemic aim of education has been a surprisingly contentious matter. Skeptics point out that OM is only contingently truth-conducive and that open-minded students may be maladaptive to the hostile epistemic environment outside school. Here, Seunghyun Lee contends that, while these critiques are…

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the balance performances of young adults with unilateral cochlear implants (CIs) in a dual-task condition. Method: Fifteen young adults with unilateral CIs and 15 healthy individuals were included in the study. The balance task was applied using the Sensory Organization Test via Computerized…

The broader aim of this study is the corpus-based investigation of the written language production process. To this end, temporal markers have been keylog recorded alongside the writing processes to exploit pauses to segment the speech product into linear units of performance. However, identifying these pauses requires selecting the relevant…

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, universities across the world were forced to move from a classroom-based delivery model to an online learning model which heavily disrupted the learning process for students. Despite proactive efforts for academic staff to embrace online teaching tools and techniques, the pressing urgency with which solutions…

Children acquire gender stereotypes at a young age and these subsequently influence cognition and behavior. Stereotypes may be learned through a child's direct observation of gender differences as well as perpetuated by inaccurate cultural depictions. Children's mass media, a cultural product, may be a powerful source of gender stereotype…

Spatial navigation relies on extracting environmental information to determine where to go. To support navigation behavior, navigational aids, such as maps, compasses, or global positioning systems (GPSs), offer access to easily extractible information, but do these aids enhance spatial memory? Here, we propose the hypothesis that navigation aids…

Introduction: The Challenge and Hindrance Stress Framework is an influential theoretical model for measuring individuals' perceptions of stress. However, its structure has not been validated among Chinese adolescents, and the effects of different forms of stress on their short-term and long-term outcomes remain unclear. Methods: Study 1 validated…

Reading comprehension has been mostly studied using traditional texts and very little is known about reading comprehension in comics. We wanted to find out whether comics could enhance comprehension processes, compared to traditional text and what cognitive processes might be involved in this effect. Furthermore, we explored the functional role of…

In today's digital world, understanding refresh-rate implications on visual perception and energy consumption is crucial. While high refresh rates enhance motion perception and user experience, they also increase energy usage, prompting the need for adaptive solutions like variable refresh rates. This study examines whether users notice or are…

Cognitive maps are mental representations of space essential for guiding spatial behavior. To assess the properties of these cognitive maps, sketch mapping has been widely used as a research tool in spatial cognition research. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the methodologies and the cognitive processes concerning…