Several observation tools evaluate teaching quality in Physical Education (PE), but none of them cover the core competencies required to comprehensively assess whether the teacher is providing teaching quality in PE. The aim of this research is to develop, validate, and test the reliability of the System for Observing Teaching Competencies in…

This guide offers a comprehensive handbook to scientific research methodology and experimental design, specifically for novice MA and PhD researchers in Education and Language Learning (TESOL/TEFL). It establishes scientific research as a systematic, objective inquiry focused on identifying cause-and-effect relationships through empirical data.…

Purpose: This study examined changes in common content knowledge (CCK) among preservice teachers in tennis and volleyball over time from entry to completion of physical education teacher education (PETE) programs in a convenient sample in the United States. Method: Six PETE programs for tennis and five for volleyball were the sites of the study.…

This report describes the process of developing and validating the enhanced ACT. The report describes the changes made to the test content and the processes by which these design decisions were implemented. The authors describe how they shared the overall scope of the enhancements, including the initial blueprints, with external expert panels,…

The rise of digital technologies, on one hand, has transformed the way learners interact with digital environments. On the other hand, we witness the digital divide and biases associated with it. This calls for a redefinition of digital citizenship. This prompted us to develop the Critical Digital Citizenship (CDC) Scale to assess school teachers'…

This study aimed to investigate 48-96 months old children's length, area, volume, and angle and turn measurement abilities. For this purpose, an Early Measurement Assessment Tool (EMAT) was developed for Turkish-speaking children and validated with the multi-dimensional item response theory (MIRT). The EMAT was developed based on Learning…

Academic and occupational success requires social intelligence, the ability to comprehend, and manage interpersonal connections. This research aims to assess and improve the Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS) for Peruvian university students, focusing on cultural adaptability, reliability, and validity. Participants included 973 university…

Numeracy literacy is a crucial skill for understanding, using, and communicating effectively with numbers, facts, and mathematical procedures in various real-world situations. The development of numeracy literacy is crucial because it is one of the essential prerequisites for life skills in the 21st century. This study aims to develop a valid…

This article presents the French-Canadian validation of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) developed by Schaufeli et al. The BAT scale is designed to evaluate both core symptoms (BAT-C) and secondary symptoms (BAT-S) of burnout. Empirical tests were conducted using three distinct samples of teachers from two different Canadian provinces…

Empirical research has extensively used the reading strategy scales to explore English reading strategies within the Chinese context. However, there is a lack of studies examining the reading strategies used by Chinese students in their native language (L1). Considering the differences between Chinese logographic characters and alphabetic English…

This technical manual describes the purpose and intended uses of the TOEFL iBT test, its target test-taker population, and relevant language use domains. The test design and scoring procedures are presented first, followed by a research agenda intended to support the interpretation and use of test scores. Given the updates to the test starting…

This study evaluated the convergent and discriminant validity of scores from screening tools for depression (Traumatic Symptom Checklist for Children [TSCC], Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument--Second Version [MAYSI-2], Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale--Second Edition [RADS-2], Adolescent Psychopathology Scale, Short Form [APSSF-Short…

The main aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable child-family interaction scale to assess child-family interactions from the eyes of children, and then to examine interaction behaviors according to different demographic variables. Also, the positive and negative interaction behaviors according to children's expressions are examined.…

Supporting students' self-regulated learning (SRL) is essential in education, yet most interventions adopt a one-size-fits-all approach, overlooking individual differences in students' ability to engage in SRL. Tailored instruction requires reliable assessment tools that distinguish between students' "availability" (knowledge) and…

Collaborative problem-solving (CPS) has been one of the essential core skills for future students. However, we found that there are many studies on the evaluation of collaborative problem-solving skills, but there is little studies on the subject areas based on which collaborative problem-solving skills have been evaluated. The three-dimensional…