The uses of various research designs in educational research are discussed. Research methodologies such as social anthropology, path analysis, classroom observation, historiography, interaction analysis, and statistical analysis are described. The educational settings in which each of them would be an effective research tool are illustrated. (JD)

Based upon the communications process model of teaching and learning, the Miniaturized Total Interaction Analysis System (Mini-TIA) establishes a conceptual framework for observing symptomatic classroom behaviors. It provides a means for the evaluation of classroom communication. Interpersonal communication is defined as either verbal (using…

PRE-PILOT AND PILOT STUDIES WERE UNDERTAKEN TO SURVEY ANXIETY LEVELS IN THE SPEECH BEHAVIOR OF 45 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN. DURING THE PRE-PILOT STUDY, FOUR TESTS DESIGNED TO REVEAL THE STUDENTS' CONSCIOUS ANXIETY WERE DEVELOPED AND REGULARIZED. A QUESTIONNAIRE CONCERNING THE ATTITUDES OF TEACHERS TOWARD STUDENTS SPEECH ANXIETY INDICATED…

DATA WHICH HAD SIGNIFICANCE FOR DESIGN AND DRAFTING CURRICULUMS WERE COLLECTED BY DIRECT OBSERVATION OF 21 DESIGN AND DRAFTING FACTORS WITHIN 16 SELECTED INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES EMPLOYING 869 DESIGNERS AND DRAFTSMEN. OBSERVATIONS COVERED (1) THE NUMBER OF DESIGN AND DRAFTING EMPLOYEES, (2) THE SYSTEM OF DRAFTING ROOM ORGANIZATION, (3) JOB…

This paper presents a model for a systematic method of training field workers in classroom research projects. The model was found to be necessary because classroom ethnographers have to hire and train others to gather data for research. According to this model, people are hired on the basis of personal skills in interpreting events and are trained…

Presented are the results of an exploratory study in which methods used in research on teaching were adapted to research on elementary school science teaching. An observation system was designed that enabled an observer to record detailed, context-specific information about the behavior of teachers (N=22) and students in grades 2-5 during…

The extent of class participation of a group of college women is measured, and attitudes associated with high participation are identified. The following are studied: (1) Are high participant women (HPW) more assertive than low participant women (LPW)? (2) Do HPW hold more liberal views on women's roles than LPW? and (3) Do HPW have a more…

This volume contains information on a pilot writing program, involving approximately 900 kindergarten through fifth grade students, designed to test the impact of emphasizing written composition during the language arts instructional period only, as compared to emphasizing composition skills during both language arts and social studies/science…

These guidelines are intended to help those who design and conduct investigations of psychopharmacologic agents in children. A progression of studies in four phases is advocated. First, early short term studies should establish single and multiple dose safety baselines. Second, early pilot efficacy studies may be initiated jointly with longer…

This paper traces the evolving relationship of a teacher and a researcher who shared life in a kindergarten/first-grade classroom for an academic year. Their relationship became the basis for new ways of thinking about the social and academic competencies of children in the classroom, and for new ways of thinking about the aims and conduct of…

This paper follows up on an earlier report that presented a theory on instructional processes that relied on a time metric. In this paper a design for field studies within this theoretical orientation is presented. Methods to obtain information on how teachers allocate time so that grouping and individualization strategies can be studied are…

A system of interaction analysis, the Hit-Steer Observation System, was used to characterize interaction patterns of groups of teachers and principals. Evidence for an asymmetrically contingent pattern of interaction between the principals and teachers was provided by findings that principals made more verbalizations than teachers, as well as more…

Approaches to educational research are grouped into five major categories. The process-product approach correlates teacher behavior with student achievement. Aptitude-treatment-interaction researchers believe that their research will identify instructional methods that are particularly suitable for students with specific aptitudes. Researchers in…

Classroom behavior of elementary level teachers who display contrasting styles of socialization was analyzed. The Classroom Management Questionnaire, an instrument designed to measure socialization style as derived from Aronfreed's Induction-Sensitization Paradigm, was administered to a sample of elementary teachers. Those scoring one standard…

The concept of self study method in community development is discussed as it relates to anthropology, and a program conducted in Cairo, Illinois in 1956-57 is examined to determine if the self study goals were met. The ecological, historical, and geographical setting is given, along with attitudes and concerns of residents, ascertained from…