Criticizes current citizenship education that often results in antidemocratic attitudes due to obvious conflicts between the classroom and society and a rigid socialization process discouraging critical examination, questioning, and participation by youth. Encourages an approach whereby students can effectively participate and feel confident they…

The following topics concerning Norwegian upper secondary schools are discussed: legislation and general area of study; the area of study for clerical and commercial subjects; grades and examinations; the certificate; and student characteristics. (RM)

This review of recent literature on education and educational reform in America offers critiques of six influential studies ("A Nation at Risk,""Action for Excellence,""Educating Americans for the 21st Century,""The Paideia Proposal," The Carnegie Foundation's "High School," and "A Place Called School") and suggests correctives for each. (JBM)

The United States currently spends a good deal more on education per student than most industrialized nations, yet testing shows that achievement has not kept pace with spending. Nevertheless, school administrators continue to press for greater federal spending and claim that reforms cannot be implemented otherwise.

This book analyzes the lessons that history can teach those who wish to reform the American education system. It traces the evolving role of the federal government in educational research; explores the course of early-childhood education in the 19th and 20th centuries; examines the history of the Follow Through program, which existed from 1967 to…

Indiana's Comprehensive Action Plan (I-CAP) provides a framework for program excellence, accountability, and continuous improvement in adult education. The action plan includes guiding principles and benchmarks for quality programs. Adult education programs are evaluated annually on these 10 established principles of program quality: educational…

This digest discusses strategies for providing students with disabilities with access to the general education curriculum. It begins by presenting educational principles that need to be accepted to ensure successful student access, including: (1) responsibility for learning outcomes of special education students should be equally shared by the…

The major tenets of a pedagogy of place are that nature teaches; understanding place is indispensable to community; where and how a student learns is as vital as what a student learns; and respect is integral to learning. Environmental literacy is the capacity to perceive and interpret the relative health of environmental systems and to take…

This brief provides an overview of the foundation and framework for the Research Institute on Secondary Education Reform (RISER) for Youth with Disabilities. RISER focuses on secondary schools engaged in reform efforts that include students with disabilities and seeks to identify restructuring practices that benefit all students. RISERs goal is to…

This guide, which was developed by a group of nonformal education (NFE) practitioners during a training course conducted in India, is intended as a tool to train NFE practitioners. Discussed first are the basic principles of NFE, the meaning of the term "active learning and education," features of NFE, and ways NFE can help advance development.…

This paper describes the cultural communication proficiency method of indigenous language instruction, developed at Humboldt State University's Center for Indian Community Development (California), and demonstrates the method with five Hupa lesson plans. The method is based on three principles: that Native American students learn by doing, learn…

The problem-solving approach to teaching and learning has proved especially useful in vocational education as a way to relate classroom learning to real-life situations or problems. The problem-solving method of teaching places the responsibility for learning on students. Educators and special reform groups in other subject areas refer to a…

Although focusing on philosophy of education, this book provides a three-dimensional introduction to educational ideas. First, it examines the major philosophical systems and ideologies that have shaped educational thought and practice. Second, it outlines certain ideas from the fields of philosophy and ideology to illustrate how these disciplines…

This edited work brings several generations of Professor David Tyack's students and colleagues together to explore the purpose and structure of schooling for the common good. For most of the last century, school reformers have attempted to employ schools to solve nearly every social ill. Reforms since the 1980s have, in the main, emphasized using…

This brief discusses how faculty can use principles of universal design to maximize the learning of all college students, including students with disabilities. Principles of universal design are first explained, including: equitable use, flexibility in use, simple and intuitive use, perceptible information, tolerance for error, low physical…