This paper proposes a new typology for understanding common research errors that expands on the four types of error commonly discussed in the research literature. Examples are presented to illustrate Type I and Type II errors, errors related to the interpretation of statistically significant and nonsignificant results respectively, with attention…

The article's thesis is that evolution's intellectual foundations have been steadily eroding, and that few new findings in embryology, taxonomy, fossil remains, and molecular biology are bringing us very near to a formal, logical disproof of Darwinian claims. The paper begins by discussing the evidence of a prehistoric world, then they discuss…

This volume is an attempt to articulate a taxonomy of educational objectives that uses the best available research and theory accumulated since the publication of the taxonomy of educational objectives of B. Bloom and others in 1956. Like Bloom's taxonomy, this taxonomy defines six levels of mental processing: self-system thinking (Level 6);…

This paper discusses a well-known problem of stage categorization within Kohlberg's theory of moral stages (L. Kohlberg, 1973), that of "Stage 4 1/2." Some subjects previously scored at stage 4 in Kohlberg's framework took on some characteristics of stage 2 reasoning, which suggested the possibility of regression. To reconcile this…

A study was conducted to explore the factors that have impact on the individual freedom and autonomy of academics in the changing university climate. Through the development of an ideal typology of educational researchers, based on the work of Max Weber, the study reveals the ways in which individuals within these changing institutions make…

This paper describes a class of rater effects that depict rater-by-time interactions. This class of rater effects is referred to as differential rater functioning over time (DRIFT). This article describes several types of DRIFT (primacy/recency, differential centrality/extremism, and practice/fatigue) and Rasch measurement procedures designed to…

How can the triumph of Western liberalism be reconciled with the pictures of chaos, war, crime, terror, and poverty which continue to appear in the daily news? Does violence coexist, in a significant fashion, with capitalism and democracy? What role does education play in this context? In addressing these questions, this paper presents a framework…

This paper explores the ways liberal arts colleges and universities can conceptualize and design next generation service and learning programs that give more considered attention to the service dimension. A Service and Learning typology suggests four variations found on many campuses in which service and learning have some relationship: (1)…

This study compared the classification performance among parametric discriminant analysis, nonparametric discriminant analysis, and logistic regression in a two-group classification application. Field data from an organizational survey were analyzed and bootstrapped for additional exploration. The data were observed to depart from multivariate…

As the automated scoring of constructed responses reaches operational status, monitoring the scoring process becomes a primary concern, particularly if automated scoring is intended to operate completely unassisted by humans. Using actual candidate selections from the Architectural Registration Examination (n=326), this study uses Kohonen…

The causal model approach used in this study tested the cumulative hierarchical structure of the six major taxonomic levels of Bloom's Taxonomy by measuring the strengths of the linear relationships ( links'') between levels. (Editor)

The hypothesis that it is possible to find among a normal population a group with the same level of intelligence as a group of institutionalized retarded persons was confirmed in a study of 2,000 19-year-old males registering for military service. (Authors)

Libraries can serve many functions, and the type of library best for a particular school depends on how the library corresponds to the educational curriculum. (Author/MF)

The problem of the direct and inverted forms of adjective-noun subject headings which contain national adjectives is reexamined. A pattern based on subject categories is discovered which is different from the pattern based on work-frequency discussed in Harris' Subject Analysis. (11 references) (Author)