A framework for integrating the many conceptions of criterion-referenced testing is provided, which illustrates that there is no single type of test that can be identified as the prototype criterion-referenced test. The use of one kind of criterion-referenced test may not be applicable to another. (Author/RL)

Because no single characteristic defines intelligence, there can be no adequate process-based definition of intelligence. In principle, a combination of many empirically derived measures into a single index, as in a Binet test, would be appropriate. In practice, many of the relevant characteristics are simply impossible to measure. (Author/RD)

Considers systems for the classification of handwriting features, discusses computer storage of information about handwriting features, and summarizes recent studies that give an idea of the range of forensic handwriting research. (GT)

Proposes an approach to vocabulary development that stresses the integral relationships between words; describes 20 categories of meaning that can be used as a basis for developmental vocabulary lessons; and offers suggestions for the application of these meaning categories in vocabulary instruction in various subject areas. (GT)

A typology of evaluation techniques intended to help school personnel to compare and contrast various approaches. (Author/MLF)

Early and late formal-operational adolescents having similar ages and IQs were presented tasks to assess their use of organizational memory strategies: multitrial free recall of unrelated and categorized words and a sorting task followed by free recall of the sorted words. (Author/SS)

A taxonomy of educational reinforcers is presented in the following categories: recognition, tangible rewards, classroom learning activities, classroom and school responsibilities, status indicators, incentive feedback, personal activities, social activities, relief from aversive policies or procedures, and relief from aversive classroom…

Advocates an approach to composition based on purposes or ends rather than on techniques or means. Suggests four categories of purposes: definition, substantiation, evaluation, and recommendation. (DD)

Attempts to define "creative categorization" using animal behavior and human perception as examples. (RK)

A survey of subject analysis and classification problems and procedures. (LS)

This paper refines existing conceptualizations of organizational environments by distinguishing among environmental complexity, diversity, instability, uncertainty, dependence, and hostility. A typology is presented that suggests that certain combinations of environmental dimensions are important for classifying organizations. Based on the…

Using parameter estimates the computer program calculates the negative hypergeometric distribution and computes the classification proportions: suitable-accepted, suitable-not accepted, not suitable-accepted, and not suitable-not accepted. (RC)

Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) scores were analyzed for 82 epilepsy surgery candidates and used in combination with receiver operating characteristic curves to classify patients with left (LTL) and right (RTL) temporal lobe seizure onset. Results indicate that WMS-R scores used alone or in combination provide relatively poor discrimination…

Examines concepts and types of organizational commitment and factors common to all commitments. Conceives of commitment as a single, fundamental construct that varies in focus, terms, and time-specific evaluation. (SK)

Using data from an academic nursing center that cared for 3,263 patients over eight months, diseases were classified using International Classification of Diseases codes, and procedures were classified using Current Procedural Terminology codes. Patterns of health care emerged, with implications for clinical teaching. (SK)