Argues that words with different meanings normally appear in discriminably different contexts, and that the cue for learning to associate direct antonyms is not their substitutability but rather their frequent co-occurrence in the same sentence. (Author/VWL)

The problem of scaling ordinal categorical data observed over two or more sets of categories measuring a single characteristic is addressed. Scaling is obtained by solving a constrained entropy model. A Kullback-Leibler statistic is generated that operationalizes a measure for the strength of consistency among the sets of categories. (TJH)

Patterns of memory dysfunction were determined in 50 middle school learning disabled readers (LD) through a hierarchical cluster analysis. Results were consistent with memory capacity theories of LD and provided external validation for classification of LD readers on psychometric measures according to patterns of memory performance. (Author/DB)

Eleven experiments involving over 200 undergraduate students investigated how categorization of examples influences feature prediction for new examples. Results suggest that category-based prediction generally relies on a single category rather than multiple categories when there is a clear target category. (SLD)

An experiment with 4-, 7-, and 18-year olds investigated classifications of multidimensional objects to test whether the valuing of identity as a classification criterion occurs early in development; the distribution of attention to multiple relations increases with development; and the role of separate, component relations in solving…

Two classes of graded response models, one based on the work of L. L. Thurstone and the other on the work of G. Rasch, are juxtaposed and shown to satisfy important but mutually incompatible criteria and to reflect different response processes. Implications of the choice between these models are discussed. (Author/SLD)

This article presents a straightforward classification system that is a necessary and sufficient condition for identification of the structural component of structural equation models of the block-recursive type with no more than two equations per block. Limitations of other identification techniques are discussed. (SLD)

New data from the Current Population Survey were used to reclassify occupations by level of education and training required. The following categories resulted: first professional degree; doctorate; master's; work experience plus bachelor's; associate's degree; postsecondary vocational training; work experience; and short-term, moderate, or…

An extended marginal homogeneity model is introduced for the analysis of square contingency tables with the same ordinal row and column classifications. The model hypothesizes that the ratio in each column of table delta will exhibit an exponential function of the column. (SLD)

Guidelines are presented for categorizing, documenting, and storing a historical videotape collection. Causes of videotape deterioration are discussed. (Contains three references.) (SLW)

Presents a three-class taxonomy of current approaches to the provision of performance support and suggests that this could form the basis for future developments for electronic performance support. Intrinsic, extrinsic, and external types of performance support are described, and tables outline characteristics of intrinsic and extrinsic…

Results of 5 experiments involving 385 undergraduates imagining animals from another galaxy are consistent with the idea that similar structures and processes underlie creative and noncreative aspects of cognition. The concept of structured imagination and the role of characteristic properties are explored. (SLD)

Seven experiments involving over 700 undergraduate students investigated whether the naturalness of abstract category structures varies with content domain. Results indicate that the structure of knowledge varies with domain and that it would be difficult to formulate general constraints on categorization in terms of abstract structural…

Six experiments with 145 adult student subjects were performed to determine whether texture segregation and grouping by similarity are perceived under conditions of inattention. Results establish that neither is accomplished under conditions of inattention, indicating that there is an earlier stage of processing than that called preattentive. (SLD)

Used survey data from Cooperative Institutional Research Program to develop empirical typology of college students. Seven student types were identified: Scholar, Social Activist, Artist, Hedonist, Leader, Status Striver, and Uncommitted Student. Results of validity analyses suggest that each of seven types possesses construct and predictive…