A discriminatory process that sorts individuals on the basis of their estimated value or worth reaches into every aspect of individual life today. This process is referred to as the panoptic sort, the all-seeing eye of the difference machine that guides the global capitalist system. The panoptic sort is a kind of high-tech, cybernetic triage that…

This handbook is an effort to establish current and consistent terms, definitions, and classification codes to maintain, collect, report, and exchange comparable information about students. It is a reference guide to those concerned with the collection of student data. Definitions reflect a consensus about best practice in the field of education…

Educational reform efforts have led to increased use of alternatives to the traditional binary-scored multiple choice item. Many stimuli employed by these alternative assessments yield complex responses that require complex scoring rules. Some of these new item types can be polytomously-scored. Differential item functioning (DIF) assessment is a…

An analysis of lexical innovation in Ghanaian English uses ten linguistic categories identified in earlier research on Nigerian English, offering an explanation of each category and a number of examples. The categories include: loanshifts (English words manipulated to produce and transmit meanings beyond purely denotative reference and conveying a…

This paper examines two fields that contribute to research on digital libraries--information systems and orality-literary studies--and applies them to a particular digital library domain, botanical taxonomic work. Topics discussed include: (1) an introduction to HOSS (i.e., a computationally-oriented hypermedia system) architecture, including the…

The purpose of many certification or licensure tests is to identify candidates who possess some level of minimum competence to practice their profession. In general, this type of test is referred to as classification testing. When this type of test is administered with a computer, the test is a computerized classification test (CCT). This paper…

The hypothesis is the device scientists use to translate questions, theories, or proposed explanations into a form amenable to empirical research. This edition of W. W. Charter's treatise on clear, conceptual definitions and precise operational hypotheses, which was originally developed to assist students in educational policy and management…

This paper focuses on three aspects related to the conceptualization and application of canonical correlation analysis as a dominant statistical model: (1) partial canonical correlation analysis and its application in statistical testing; (2) the relation between canonical correlation analysis and discriminant analysis; and (3) the relation…

A study of S. R. Ranganathan's theory of reference service is undertaken by using an historical methodology. It was evident from the literature review that Ranganathan had established that reference service was the most important work and served as the hub of all library practices. There were six factors that were repeatedly considered by…

Childhood schizophrenia is a rare but serious disorder with complex symptoms that affect children and their families. Childhood schizophrenia was once the term applied for all childhood psychoses, including autism and mood disorders, but more recently researchers have distinguished childhood schizophrenia from other disorders. There are differing…

The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) new classification system for location of public schools and the NCES databases will provide new opportunities for rural education researchers. NCES developed a coding system called "Johnson codes" based on zip codes and Census definitions both of rural and nonrural places and of…

This thesaurus is a tool for indexing and retrieving documents and data in the field of education in an international context. Introductory materials include a description of the thesaurus and discussions of its relationship with other thesauri, the thesaurus as an international instrument, its coverage and structure, fields, facets, descriptors…

This paper reviews 19th and 20th century English-language literature dealing with the user friendliness of library catalogs and cataloging. Sections cover literature on: (1) the need for catalogs and the possibility of substituting subject bibliographies for the subject catalog; (2) user needs and the dichotomy between designing catalogs based on…

This list of program types and keywords (with codes) was prepared for program officers at the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Institute of Education, and the National Science Foundation to use when preparing program announcements and requests for proposals. Staff persons responsible for screening such documents at colleges and…

To examine the number of subjective age categories in the post-high school portion of the American lifecycle, adult respondents sorted cards describing people in terms of major life events and classified them according to age. A nonlinear decrease in the number of age distinctions occurred in the late portion of middle age (46-65 years). (Author)