Institutions of higher education in the United States appear to many to have the capacity to provide enough scientists and engineers to meet the nation's needs. However, many researchers, employers and policymakers are concerned that the future supply will be inadequate. In the early 1990s the United States will experience a decline in the number…

The education pipeline in the United States from prekindergarten through the Ph.D. is failing to produce the workers needed to meet future demand. In the year 2000, 85 percent of new entrants to the workforce will be members of minority groups and women. The number of capable persons with disabilities will also rise. These three groups have…

The issues of reproductive choice and domination of women through the use of reproductive technologies have placed feminists at odds with the medical profession and consumers. Inspired by the Feminist International Network of Resistance to Reproductive and Genetic Engineering (FINRRAGE), this collection of 21 essays advances a critical analysis of…

This report presents information for identification of the national trends in the amount, age, loss, condition, and perceived adequacy of academic research equipment in selected science and engineering fields. The data were obtained from a stratified probability sample of 55 colleges and universities and from a separately selected sample of 24…

The effects of U.S. higher education on foreign students from Brazil were investigated in 1982. Attention was directed to: changes in attitudes toward the U.S. and Brazilian economies, and especially economic relations with the United States; ongoing ties of foreign alumni to the United States and to the colleges attended; and the impact of…

Results of a study that compared the performance of students in high technology programs in engineering and computer science are presented, with emphasis on students' mathematical preparation. The study population involved 175 transfer students who completed their mathematical prerequisites at three community colleges and 188 students who…

This report is a collection of 11 recent papers by the Human-Machine Interaction Group at the University of California, San Diego. The following papers are included: (1) "Stages and Levels in Human-Machine Interaction," Donald A. Norman; (2) "The Nature of Expertise in UNIX," Stephen W. Draper; (3) "Users in the Real…

According to the General Accounting Office (GAO), scientific leaders estimated in 1982 that between $1 and $4 billion was necessary to update university research equipment. Because of this large cost variance, GAO was requested to assess how well past studies have defined the nationwide deficiency in university research equipment and to suggest…

Expert reasoning in the natural sciences appears to make extensive use of a relatively small number of general principles and reasoning strategies, each associated with a larger number of more specific inference patterns. Using a dual declarative hierarchy to represent strategic and factual knowledge, a framework for a robust scientific reasoning…

About a quarter of all students who either intend to or actually attend college indicate their intention to pursue a major in science. From this group, there is a slow attrition from the science pipeline as students move along in their educational lives. The aim of the analyses for this project is to characterize the science-oriented behavior of…

This five-volume report details an effort undertaken by Ingersoll-Rand (IR) to restore a professional tool plant in Athens, Pennsylvania, as a viable asset to the IR corporation. Volume 1, the final report, presents a historical perspective of the Athens plant, discusses the major skill and knowledge issues facing the plant, and provides the…

In spring 1988, a telephone survey was conducted of students who had been enrolled in Howard Community College's (HCC's) Biomedical Engineering Technology (BMET) program between 1972 and 1987. The study sought to gather information for future student recruitment and program planning efforts. Responses were obtained from 43 (35%) of a potential…

The rapid progress in the biological sciences has resulted in many social, ethical, and legal issues. In medical practice, public health programs, research laboratories, law enforcement, insurance, the patenting process, agriculture, genetic counseling, and other fields, legal controversies and public policy debates have developed. Some of these…

The study of engineering can be likened to a game. To become a master student, one must not only play the game but devote time and energy to learning how to play it. The purpose of this book is to give students ideas and perspectives which must be addressed in order to be effective students. It focuses on the nonacademic aspects of being a…

This paper identifies two intellectual traditions that dominate professional education, one concentrating on content coverage and one concentrating on the profession's problem-solving processes. It then examines several fields of professional education, some of which have exclusively adopted one or the other of these traditions and some of which…