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Peer reviewed
Direct linkMacLean, Mary H.; Arnell, Karen M.; Cote, Kimberly A. – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Accuracy for a second target (T2) is reduced when it is presented within 500 ms of a first target (T1) in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP)--an attentional blink (AB). There are reliable individual differences in the magnitude of the AB. Recent evidence has shown that the attentional approach that an individual typically adopts during a…
Descriptors: Evidence, Individual Differences, Attention, Eye Movements
Anderson, John R. – Neuropsychologia, 2012
Multivariate pattern analysis can be combined with Hidden Markov Model algorithms to track the second-by-second thinking as people solve complex problems. Two applications of this methodology are illustrated with a data set taken from children as they interacted with an intelligent tutoring system for algebra. The first "mind reading" application…
Descriptors: Markov Processes, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Problem Solving, Methods
Demestre, Josep – Language and Cognitive Processes, 2012
During the last years there has been an increasing interest in examining the brain responses to word order variations. In one ERP study conducted in Spanish, Casado, Martin-Loeches, Munoz, and Fernandez-Frias (2005) had participants read Spanish transitive sentences with either an SVO (subject-verb-object) or an OVS order. The word order of a…
Descriptors: Sentences, Semantics, Form Classes (Languages), Brain
Goslin, Jeremy; Duffy, Hester; Floccia, Caroline – Brain and Language, 2012
This study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine whether we employ the same normalisation mechanisms when processing words spoken with a regional accent or foreign accent. Our results showed that the Phonological Mapping Negativity (PMN) following the onset of the final word of sentences spoken with an unfamiliar regional accent was…
Descriptors: Sentences, Pronunciation, Word Recognition, Second Language Learning
Abrahamsson, Niclas – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2012
Research has consistently shown there is a negative correlation between age of onset (AO) of acquisition and ultimate attainment (UA) of either pronunciation or grammar in a second language (L2). A few studies have indeed reported nativelike behavior in some postpuberty learners with respect to either phonetics/phonology or morphosyntax, a result…
Descriptors: Phonetics, Comparative Analysis, Correlation, Intuition
Schulte-Ruther, Martin; Mainz, Verena; Fink, Gereon R.; Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate; Konrad, Kerstin – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2012
Objective: Converging evidence suggests deficits in theory-of-mind (ToM) processing in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). The present study aimed at elucidating the neural mechanisms underlying ToM-deficits in AN. Method: A total of 19 adolescent patients with AN and 21 age-matched controls were investigated using functional magnetic resonance…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Evidence, Video Technology, Hospitals
Mihov, Yoan; Hurlemann, Rene – Neuropsychologia, 2012
More than 5 million deaths a year are attributable to tobacco smoking, making it the largest single cause of preventable death worldwide. The primary addictive component in tobacco is nicotine. Its addictive power is exemplified by the fact that by far most attempts to quit smoking fail. It is therefore mandatory to understand the biological…
Descriptors: Evidence, Substance Abuse, Smoking, Research Methodology
Nussbaum, Nancy L. – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2012
ADHD was once thought of as a predominantly male disorder. While this may be true for ADHD in childhood, extant research suggests that the number of women with ADHD may be nearly equal to that of men with the disorder (Faraone et al., 2000). There is accumulating research which clearly indicates subtle but important sex differences exist in the…
Descriptors: Females, Attention Deficit Disorders, Males, Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
Cooper, Jeffrey C.; Dunne, Simon; Furey, Teresa; O'Doherty, John P. – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2012
The dorsal striatum plays a key role in the learning and expression of instrumental reward associations that are acquired through direct experience. However, not all learning about instrumental actions require direct experience. Instead, humans and other animals are also capable of acquiring instrumental actions by observing the experiences of…
Descriptors: Video Technology, Operant Conditioning, Observational Learning, Prediction
Rahko, Jukka S.; Paakki, Jyri-Johan; Starck, Tuomo H.; Nikkinen, Juha; Pauls, David L.; Katsyri, Jari V.; Jansson-Verkasalo, Eira M.; Carter, Alice S.; Hurtig, Tuula M.; Mattila, Marja-Leena; Jussila, Katja K.; Remes, Jukka J.; Kuusikko-Gauffin, Sanna A.; Sams, Mikko E.; Bolte, Sven; Ebeling, Hanna E.; Moilanen, Irma K.; Tervonen, Osmo; Kiviniemi, Vesa – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2012
FMRI was performed with the dynamic facial expressions fear and happiness. This was done to detect differences in valence processing between 25 subjects with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and 27 typically developing controls. Valence scaling was abnormal in ASDs. Positive valence induces lower deactivation and abnormally strong activity in ASD…
Descriptors: Autism, Scaling, Diagnostic Tests, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Ptak, Radek; Di Pietro, Marie; Schnider, Armin – Neuropsychologia, 2012
Neglect dyslexia--a peripheral reading disorder generally associated with left spatial neglect--is characterized by omissions or substitutions of the initial letters of words. Several observations suggest that neglect dyslexia errors are independent of viewer-centered coordinates; the disorder is therefore thought to reflect impairment at the…
Descriptors: Beginning Reading, Dyslexia, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Correlation
Cole, Claire; Zapp, Daniel J.; Nelson, S. Katherine; Perez-Edgar, Koraly – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Socially withdrawn individuals display solitary behavior across wide contexts with both unfamiliar and familiar peers. This tendency to withdraw may be driven by either past or anticipated negative social encounters. In addition, socially withdrawn individuals often exhibit right frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry at baseline and when…
Descriptors: Video Technology, Cues, Young Adults, Withdrawal (Psychology)
Kraus, Nina – Journal of Communication Disorders, 2012
Auditory-based communication skills are developed at a young age and are maintained throughout our lives. However, some individuals--both young and old--encounter difficulties in achieving or maintaining communication proficiency. Biological signals arising from hearing sounds relate to real-life communication skills such as listening to speech in…
Descriptors: Memory, Auditory Training, Computer Software, Music Education
Moul, Caroline; Killcross, Simon; Dadds, Mark R. – Psychological Review, 2012
This article introduces a novel hypothesis regarding amygdala function in psychopathy. The first part of this article introduces the concept of psychopathy and describes the main cognitive and affective impairments demonstrated by this population; that is, a deficit in fear-recognition, lower conditioned fear responses and poor performance in…
Descriptors: Fear, Comparative Analysis, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Psychopathology
Aldrich, Erin M.; Obrzut, John E. – Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 2012
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children and adolescents can significantly affect their lives and educational needs. Deficits are often exhibited in areas such as attention, concentration, memory, executive function, emotional regulation, and behavioral functioning, but specific outcomes are not particular to any one child or adolescent with a…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Brain, Head Injuries, Educational Needs
