Examined the linkage between psychological well-being and marital status in 2,500 men. Results indicated little difference in psychological well-being before or after divorce/separation, suggesting that the relationship between marital status and well-being is not necessarily causal. (JAC)

Two studies were conducted. In the first, elementary students learned 10-unit sequences of typical material under mastery learning conditions. The second was a post hoc longitudinal evaluation of students who learned arithmetic in a mastery procedure from grades one-four. In contrast to mastery claims, student time differences did not decrease.…

Compared sex role attributes of male alcoholic veterans to those of 81 nonalcoholic veterans and 386 college students. Results showed male alcoholics were sex-typed more frequently as feminine than masculine. Results were interpreted as a consequence, not a cause of the disorder and were considered reversible with sustained sobriety. (JAC)

Explored the relationship between Machiavellianism and preference for business occupations in 60 Canadian students majoring in business or arts. Results confirmed that both business and nonbusiness High Machs were characterized by emotional stability. Business High Machs were significantly more extraverted, reinforcing the popular perception of…

Tests the interactive effects of status of the offender and severity of a deviant act on the assessment of penalties for socially prescribed behavior in volunteers (N=24) assigning punishment. Results revealed a tendency for high-status offenders to receive more lenient treatment than their low-status counterparts. (Author/LLL)

Explores the relationship between length of intervention and client-assessed outcome in clients (N=47) seen in an outpatient program of a community mental health center. Results indicated no differences between single-session and multiple-session clients in terms of demographic background, presenting problems, assessments of agency helpfulness, or…

Administered the Beck Hopelessness Scale to alcoholic (N=20) and heroin-addicted (N=20) women. Results indicated that although both groups expressed comparable levels of overall hopelessness, alcoholic women anticipated more success and better lives in the next 10 years than did the heroin-dependent women. (LLL)

Evaluated a sample of 31 residents in an alcohol halfway house upon admission and after a duration of time. Results showed that the poor outcome group was younger, had a multiple drug history, tended to drink with others, and had greater number of blackouts while drinking. (LLL)

Concerned with consequences of employing the INDSCAL model when one of its assumptions are known to be violated. Under study is the notion that all individuals perceive the object space dimensions to be independent. (RC)

Naturalistic observation of a set of identical twins revealed many differences in personality and motor development. (MS)

Notes that white flight is not universal: it depends upon the city as context. (Author)

The current study identifies the potential problems of current web-based instruction and learning management systems in terms of its lack of flexibility and customization required for individual learners? different goals, backgrounds, knowledge levels, and learning capabilities. Advanced adaptive learning management system technologies are able to…

This book is intended to show children how to put Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences (MI) into practice in their own lives. An introductory chapter discusses the nature of intelligence and introduces Gardner's theory and eight types of intelligences. Then a chapter is given to each of the eight intelligences: (1) "Word…

Lev Vygotsky maintained that historical and cultural aspects of development started from the point at which humans could first be distinguished from apes. It is critical to consider the dialectical relationship between the individual and the cultural environment in which the child actively masters cultural behavior. Interaction with others…

This study examined individual differences in the ways students responded to a self-regulation learning training. It was predicted that students' motivational beliefs would be associated with at-risk college students' use of self-regulated learning strategies, homework completion, and academic performance. Participants were 58 college students in…