Used weekly-obtained longitudinal observational data of infant crying, fretting/fussing, and smiling and the time spent in physical contact with mother to examine behavioral variability over a 15-month period. Found evidence of an important intraindividual variability between newborn and 5 months, and 5 and 10 months, but not between 10 and 15…

Explores G. Hall's (1904) view that adolescence is a period of heightened storm and stress in light of contemporary research, focusing on (1) conflict with parents; (2) mood disruptions; and (3) risk behavior. In all these areas, evidence supports a modified storm-and-stress view that takes into account individual differences and cultural…

Compares young and older adults' production of complex syntactic structures in Russian. Finds that content and fluency in Russian were associated with Russian vocabulary knowledge and influenced by educational level and knowledge of English and other languages and that working-memory limitations affect the use of clause and word order variations…

Three experiments examined the hypothesis that individual differences in look-duration during infancy covary with different modes of visual intake and encoding, with longer look-durations reflecting encoding based on prolonged inspection of local visual properties, and briefer durations reflecting encoding based on a global, or global-to-local…

Presents a brief historical overview of research in individual differences in the context of virtual environments. Highlights the notion of structure in the perception of individual users of an information system and the role of individuals' abilities to recognize and use such structures to perform various information-intensive tasks. (Author/LRW)

Argues that Wade's Male Reference Group Identity Dependence Theory seems to cover familiar groups in respect to gender issues. Also holds that Wade's theory is not sensitive enough to individual differences. Discusses the status of the groups in the study. Offers suggestions for future research. (MKA)

Interviews were conducted with 263 licensed users of training software, 68 of whom had used computer-based training (CBT), instructor-led training, and video tutorials. Videos were deemed the least useful. Instructor-led training had the most feedback and media richness, but CBT was an effective low-cost alternative. (SK)

The latency and amplitude of the P300, an event-related potential, during the performance of a memory-scanning task were used as indices of the efficiency of information processing that may mediate individual differences in intelligence. Results with 61 female college students contradict a pure speed of processing explanation of the relationship…

Detracking alone is not the best means of raising student achievement. Students with different abilities, interests, and motivation levels should be offered differentiated instruction that meets their individual needs. Unfortunately, only a small number of teachers employ differentiation in their classrooms. Training and instructional grouping…

Studied the effects of adolescent employment on grades in academic courses and the extent to which grades might influence employment behaviors using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988. Findings contained no evidence of short-term or long-term effects on grades, or that grades affect employment activities. Pre-existing…

Explores individual differences in general memory ability and the relation to performance in a public examination, taken at age 15-16 years. Suggests that individual differences in memory ability account for between 10 and 20 percent of the variance in groups of above-average IQ. Includes references. (CMK)

Investigates whether all three components of performance visualization (education, guided imagery, and modeling) are necessary to help people enhance speech performance and reduce public speaking apprehension. Finds that the education component appears to be unnecessary. Speculates that cognitive processing differences with regard to language and…

Research shows that adults respond primarily to positive reinforcement, want to be involved, and prefer to operate in a collegial environment. Traditional teacher evaluation violates many of these understandings. Fortunately, schools are beginning to experiment with observations and mentoring for beginning teachers and long-term…

Suggests that accommodating students' learning styles will bring English classrooms alive. Discusses various learning styles. Describes five strategies for kinesthetic learners. (RS)

Describes several activities for the kinesthetic learner that were developed for a high-school World Literature curriculum. (RS)