The series of studies discussed here was designed to provide an extensive investigation into the hypothesis that reading disabilities and deficits in selective attention are related. Three studies were carried out on three different groups of children from first grade through sixth grade, and five different tasks were employed. Subjects were…

One hundred twelve college students participated in a study designed to determine whether students differ in their relative employment of knowledge-based processes in discourse processing and whether individuals tend to be more "text-bound" and less able to use preexisting knowledge schemata when they are more "stimulus-bound"…

Eighty undergraduates were administered four self-report locus of control inventories, in order to evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity of four categories common to these inventories: chance, fate, personal control, and powerful others. The four inventories were: (1) Internal, Powerful Others and Chance scales; (2) James Internal…

Two contingency systems, individual and group, were evaluated for their effects on children's behavior during small group meetings. A group of 48 children, ages 8-14, attended a seven-week residential camp program operated on a token economy system. Ratings of the campers' behavior were made by the counselors on a five-point rating scale at the…

The effects of level of interpersonal attraction (or friendship) on young children's language production were examined during a 15-minute play episode, in which 40 pairs of 3-5 year-olds were separated and then reunited. Friendship was measured by a picture sociometric test validated against free play choices. Language measures focused on…

The Parenting Stress Index (PSI) is a clinical and research self-report instrument designed to identify mother-child systems which are under stress and to indicate the sources of stress. It is based on the research literature in child development, parent functioning, and stress. The normative sample for the PSI consisted of 470 mothers with at…

THE PURPOSE WAS TO SUBSTANTIATE THE HYPOTHESIS THAT TRAINING COLLEGE STUDENTS IN SELF-PERCEPTUAL THEORY, IN OBSERVING CHILD BEHAVIOR, AND IN ANALYZING BEHAVIOR FROM A PERCEPTUAL ORIENTATION INCREASES THEIR ABILITY TO INFER FROM THE BEHAVIOR RECORDS OF A CHILD HIS STATEMENTS ABOUT HIMSELF. THREE GROUPS OF SUBJECTS, ONE EXPERIMENTAL AND TWO…

THIS STUDY WAS AN EXTENSION OF CRP-2284, WHICH RELATED METHODS OF PROGRAM USE TO LEARNER CHARACTERISTICS. 74 GRADE 8 STUDENTS TOOK A PROGRAMED COURSE IN GENERAL SCIENCE IMPLEMENTED IN 4 WAYS, (1) IN-CLASS STUDY WITH TEACHER-SCHEDULED PROGRESS RATE OR (2) STUDENT-SCHEDULED RATE, AND (3) OUT-OF-CLASS STUDY WITH TEACHER-OR (4) STUDENT-SCHEDULED RATE.…

WHEN THEY INDIVIDUALIZE READING INSTRUCTION, TEACHERS SHOULD REALIZE THAT CHILDREN ARE VERY DIFFERENT AND THAT CONTINUOUS APPRAISAL OF EACH CHILD'S ATTRIBUTES AND NEEDS IS IMPERATIVE. TEACHERS SHOULD UTILIZE INFORMAL EVALUATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR APPRAISING GROWTH IN READING SKILLS. READINESS FOR BEGINNING READING IS DETERMINED BY OBSERVING PERSONAL…

EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH INDICATES THAT MANY TRADITIONAL ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT WHAT OUGHT TO BE INCLUDED IN ENGLISH SYLLABI AND HOW ENGLISH SHOULD BE TAUGHT ARE INVALID. BUT MOST EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH OF TODAY IN INTUITIVE AND UNSCIENTIFIC BECAUSE WE DO NOT HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY TO ANSWER THE BASIC QUESTIONS OF HOW THE BRAIN LEARNS, THINKS, AND REMEMBERS,…

IN JUNE, 1966, SAN FRANCISCO STATE COLLEGE CONDUCTED AN ORIENTATION SESSION FOR THE PERSONNEL OF CHILD CARE CENTERS IN HEAD START PROGRAMS. FOLLOWING THE WASHINGTON, D. C., HEAD START STAFF GUIDELINES, THE 15 SPEAKERS PRESENTED SUCH TOPICS AS THE IMPACT OF POVERTY, HEALTH AND NUTRITION NEEDS FOR DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN, LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT,…

SELECTED RESEARCH ON THE PROBLEM OF INSTRUCTIONAL FLEXIBILITY IS SURVEYED AND DISCUSSED. BROAD TOPICS OF DISCUSSION ARE DEPARTMENTALIZATION, HOMOGENEOUS SECTIONING, INTERCLASS ABILITY SECTIONING, THE EXTENT OF VARIABILITY IN READING DEVELOPMENT, AND PRACTICES THAT MAY INCREASE FLEXIBILITY. AMONG THOSE PRACTICES TO INCREASE FLEXIBILITY ARE TEAM…

TO IDENTIFY FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PERSISTENCE IN TEACHING AND TO SUPPLEMENT A 10-YEAR LONGITUDINAL QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY OF THE 1954 CLASS OF CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK STUDENT TEACHERS, 50 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS, WHO HAD BEEN TEACHING FROM 7 TO 10 YEARS SINCE GRADUATION, WERE INTERVIEWED. THE SUBJECTS WERE DRAWN FROM A TOTAL…

FIFTY-FOUR TEST-ANXIOUS COLLEGE FRESHMEN FROM STANFORD UNIVERSITY WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO ONE OF THREE GROUPS--(1) A DESENSITIZATION GROUP WORKING WITH INDIVIDUALIZED ANXIETY HIERARCHIES, (2) A DESENSITIZATION GROUP WORKING WITH A SINGLE STANDARD HIERARCHY, AND (3) A NO-TREATMENT CONTROL GROUP. THE CRITERIA CONSISTED OF SELF-RATINGS OF ANXIETY…

Building on the theme that education is essential to opportunity, especially to help children escape from the boundaries of poverty, a theory of student-centered assessment is conceptualized. Student-centered assessment begins with the assumption that the aim of education is to shift effective planning and control of students' choices to the…